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Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to tackle distribution shifts using unlabeled test data without access to the source data. In the context of multimodal data, there are more complex noise patterns than unimodal data such as simultaneous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-05 Zirun Guo , Tao Jin

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is a technique aimed at enhancing the generalization performance of models by leveraging unlabeled samples solely during prediction. Given the need for robustness in neural network systems when faced with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Yongcan Yu , Lijun Sheng , Ran He , Jian Liang

The computational resources required to solve the full 3D inversion of time-domain electromagnetic data are immense. To overcome the time-consuming 3D simulations, we construct a surrogate model, more precisely, a data-driven statistical…

Geophysics · Physics 2024-07-10 Wouter Deleersnyder , David Dudal , Thomas Hermans

Recently, test-time adaptation (TTA) has been proposed as a promising solution for addressing distribution shifts. It allows a base model to adapt to an unforeseen distribution during inference by leveraging the information from the batch…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-07 Tong Wu , Feiran Jia , Xiangyu Qi , Jiachen T. Wang , Vikash Sehwag , Saeed Mahloujifar , Prateek Mittal

Traditional machine learning assumes that training and test sets are derived from the same distribution; however, this assumption does not always hold in practical applications. This distribution disparity can lead to severe performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ahmad Chaddad , Yihang Wu , Yuchen Jiang , Ahmed Bouridane , Christian Desrosiers

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) enables pre-trained models to adjust to distribution shift by learning from unlabeled test-time streams. However, existing methods typically treat these streams as independent samples, overlooking the supervisory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Young Kyung Kim , Oded Schlesinger , Qiangqiang Wu , J. Matías Di Martino , Guillermo Sapiro

Deep learning models often struggle under natural distribution shifts, a common challenge in real-world deployments. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting models during inference without labeled source data. We present the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-23 John Turnbull , Shivam Grover , Amin Jalali , Ali Etemad

Machine learning methods are increasingly used to build computationally inexpensive surrogates for complex physical models. The predictive capability of these surrogates suffers when data are noisy, sparse, or time-dependent. As we are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 A. Diaw , M. McKerns , I. Sagert , L. G. Stanton , M. S. Murillo

Spoken Language Models (SLMs) are increasingly central to modern speech-driven applications, but performance degrades under acoustic shift - real-world noise, reverberation, and microphone variation. Prior solutions rely on offline domain…

Test-time adaptation (TTA) enables neural forecasters to adapt to distribution shifts in streaming time series, but existing methods apply the same adaptation intensity regardless of the nature of the shift. We propose Regime-Guided…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Indar Kumar , Akanksha Tiwari , Sai Krishna Jasti , Ankit Hemant Lade

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has increasingly been an important topic to efficiently tackle the cross-domain distribution shift at test time for medical images from different institutions. Previous TTA methods have a common limitation of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Hongzheng Yang , Cheng Chen , Meirui Jiang , Quande Liu , Jianfeng Cao , Pheng Ann Heng , Qi Dou

We consider the problem of improving the human instance segmentation mask quality for a given test image using keypoints estimation. We compare two alternative approaches. The first approach is a test-time adaptation (TTA) method, where we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-12-14 Kambiz Azarian , Debasmit Das , Hyojin Park , Fatih Porikli

Test-time adaptation (TTA) allows a model to be adapted to an unseen domain without accessing the source data. Due to the nature of practical environments, TTA has a limited amount of data for adaptation. Recent TTA methods further restrict…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Younggeol Cho , Youngrae Kim , Junho Yoon , Seunghoon Hong , Dongman Lee

Despite progress in end-to-end ASR, real-world domain mismatches still cause performance drops, which Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) aims to mitigate by adjusting models during inference. Recent work explores combining TTA with external…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Wei-Ping Huang , Guan-Ting Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Deep learning models have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of computer vision tasks. However, their performance often degrades significantly when faced with distribution shifts, such as domain or dataset changes.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Samuel Barbeau , Pedram Fekri , David Osowiechi , Ali Bahri , Moslem Yazdanpanah , Masih Aminbeidokhti , Christian Desrosiers

Despite the growing integration of deep models into mobile terminals, the accuracy of these models declines significantly due to various deployment interferences. Test-time adaptation (TTA) has emerged to improve the performance of deep…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Ke Ma , Jiaqi Tang , Bin Guo , Fan Dang , Sicong Liu , Zhui Zhu , Lei Wu , Cheng Fang , Ying-Cong Chen , Zhiwen Yu , Yunhao Liu

Real-world time series often exhibit a non-stationary nature, degrading the performance of pre-trained forecasting models. Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adjusting models during inference, but existing methods typically update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Heitor R. Medeiros , Hossein Sharifi-Noghabi , Gabriel L. Oliveira , Saghar Irandoust

The performance of deep learning models depends heavily on test samples at runtime, and shifts from the training data distribution can significantly reduce accuracy. Test-time adaptation (TTA) addresses this by adapting models during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Michal Danilowski , Soumyajit Chatterjee , Abhirup Ghosh

Test-time adaptation (TTA) aims to improve the performance of source-domain pre-trained models on previously unseen, shifted target domains. Traditional TTA methods primarily adapt model weights based on target data streams, making model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Jiayi Guo , Junhao Zhao , Chaoqun Du , Yulin Wang , Chunjiang Ge , Zanlin Ni , Shiji Song , Humphrey Shi , Gao Huang

We propose Test-Time Augmentation (TTA) as an effective technique for addressing combinatorial optimization problems, including the Traveling Salesperson Problem. In general, deep learning models possessing the property of invariance, where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-09 Ryo Ishiyama , Takahiro Shirakawa , Seiichi Uchida , Shinnosuke Matsuo