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In intra coding, Rate Distortion Optimization (RDO) is performed to achieve the optimal intra mode from a pre-defined candidate list. The optimal intra mode is also required to be encoded and transmitted to the decoder side besides the…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-11 Linwei Zhu , Yun Zhang , Na Li , Gangyi Jiang , Sam Kwong

The recently proposed Unbiased Online Recurrent Optimization algorithm (UORO, arXiv:1702.05043) uses an unbiased approximation of RTRL to achieve fully online gradient-based learning in RNNs. In this work we analyze the variance of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-08 Tim Cooijmans , James Martens

Linear block transform coding remains a fundamental component of image and video compression. Although the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) is widely employed in all current compression standards, its sub-optimality has sparked ongoing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-28 Alessandro Gnutti , Chia-Hao Kao , Wen-Hsiao Peng , Riccardo Leonardi

User generated content (UGC) refers to videos that are uploaded by users and shared over the Internet. UGC may have low quality due to noise and previous compression. When re-encoding UGC for streaming or downloading, a traditional video…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-14 Xin Xiong , Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega , Balu Adsumilli

In lossy image compression, the objective is to achieve minimal signal distortion while compressing images to a specified bit rate. The increasing demand for visual analysis applications, particularly in classification tasks, has emphasized…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Yuefeng Zhang

Changing the encoding parameters, in particular the video resolution, is a common practice before transcoding. To this end, streaming and broadcast platforms benefit from so-called bitrate ladders to determine the optimal resolution for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-07-26 Fatemeh Nasiri , Wassim Hamidouche , Luce Morin , Nicolas Dholland , Jean-Yves Aubié

The High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC/H.265) standard doubles the compression efficiency of the widely used H.264/AVC standard. For practical applications, rate control (RC) algorithms for HEVC need to be developed. Based on the R-Q,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Minhao Tang , Jiangtao Wen , Yuxing Han

Today, image and video data is not only viewed by humans, but also automatically analyzed by computer vision algorithms. However, current coding standards are optimized for human perception. Emerging from this, research on video coding for…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-13 Marc Windsheimer , Fabian Brand , André Kaup

We present a no-reference video quality model and algorithm that delivers standout performance for High Dynamic Range (HDR) videos, which we call HDR-ChipQA. HDR videos represent wider ranges of luminances, details, and colors than Standard…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-27 Joshua P. Ebenezer , Zaixi Shang , Yongjun Wu , Hai Wei , Sriram Sethuraman , Alan C. Bovik

Data-dependent transforms are increasingly being incorporated into next-generation video coding systems such as AVM, a codec under development by the Alliance for Open Media (AOM), and VVC. To circumvent the computational complexities…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-22 Darukeesan Pakiyarajah , Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega , Debargha Mukherjee , Onur Guleryuz , Keng-Shih Lu , Kruthika Koratti Sivakumar

Deep video compression has made significant progress in recent years, achieving rate-distortion performance that surpasses that of traditional video compression methods. However, rate control schemes tailored for deep video compression have…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Bowen Gu , Hao Chen , Ming Lu , Jie Yao , Zhan Ma

We propose a unified framework for estimating low-rank matrices through nonconvex optimization based on gradient descent algorithm. Our framework is quite general and can be applied to both noisy and noiseless observations. In the general…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-10-18 Lingxiao Wang , Xiao Zhang , Quanquan Gu

The probabilistic diffusion model (DM), generating content by inferencing through a recursive chain structure, has emerged as a powerful framework for visual generation. After pre-training on enormous data, the model needs to be properly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tao Ren , Zishi Zhang , Jingyang Jiang , Zehao Li , Shentao Qin , Yi Zheng , Guanghao Li , Qianyou Sun , Yan Li , Jiafeng Liang , Xinping Li , Yijie Peng

Fundamental rate-distortion-perception (RDP) trade-offs arise in applications requiring maintained perceptual quality of reconstructed data, such as neural image compression. When compressed data is transmitted over public communication…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Gustaf Åhlgren , Onur Günlü

Image metrics predict the perceived per-pixel difference between a reference image and its degraded (e. g., re-rendered) version. In several important applications, the reference image is not available and image metrics cannot be applied.…

In video coding, it is expected that the encoder could adaptively select the encoding parameters (e.g., quantization parameter) to optimize the bit allocation to different sources under the given constraint. However, in hybrid video coding,…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2015-11-17 Chao Wang , Xuanqin Mou , Lei Zhang

Inspired by the adaptation phenomenon of neuronal firing, we propose the regularity normalization (RN) as an unsupervised attention mechanism (UAM) which computes the statistical regularity in the implicit space of neural networks under the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-30 Baihan Lin

Video-sharing platforms must re-encode large volumes of noisy user-generated content (UGC) to meet streaming demands. However, conventional codecs, which aim to minimize the mean squared error (MSE) between the compressed and input videos,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-24 Xin Xiong , Samuel Fernández-Menduiña , Eduardo Pavez , Antonio Ortega , Neil Birkbeck , Balu Adsumilli

Depth image based rendering techniques for multiview applications have been recently introduced for efficient view generation at arbitrary camera positions. Encoding rate control has thus to consider both texture and depth data. Due to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2012-11-20 Boshra Rajaei , Thomas Maugey , Hamid-Reza Pourreza , Pascal Frossard

Recent advances in implicit neural representation (INR)-based video coding have demonstrated its potential to compete with both conventional and other learning-based approaches. With INR methods, a neural network is trained to overfit a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Ho Man Kwan , Ge Gao , Fan Zhang , Andrew Gower , David Bull