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Predictive coding (PC) is an energy-based learning algorithm that performs iterative inference over network activities before updating weights. Recent work suggests that PC can converge in fewer learning steps than backpropagation thanks to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Francesco Innocenti , El Mehdi Achour , Ryan Singh , Christopher L. Buckley

Predictive coding (PC) offers a local and biologically grounded alternative to backpropagation in the training of artificial neural networks, yet to date, it remains slower, and performance degrades sharply as network depth increases. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Aleksandrs Baskakovs , Sylvain Estebe , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Kristoffer Nielbo , Chris Mathys , Nicolas Legrand

Both neurophysiological and psychophysical experiments have pointed out the crucial role of recurrent and feedback connections to process context-dependent information in the early visual cortex. While numerous models have accounted for…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-18 Victor Boutin , Angelo Franciosini , Frederic Chavane , Franck Ruffier , Laurent Perrinet

The backpropagation of error algorithm used to train deep neural networks has been fundamental to the successes of deep learning. However, it requires sequential backward updates and non-local computations, which make it challenging to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-02-22 Beren Millidge , Tommaso Salvatori , Yuhang Song , Rafal Bogacz , Thomas Lukasiewicz

We present differentiable predictive control (DPC) as a deep learning-based alternative to the explicit model predictive control (MPC) for unknown nonlinear systems. In the DPC framework, a neural state-space model is learned from…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-27 Jan Drgona , Karol Kis , Aaron Tuor , Draguna Vrabie , Martin Klauco

We present the first theoretical framework that connects predictive coding (PC), a biologically inspired local learning rule, with the minimum description length (MDL) principle in deep networks. We prove that layerwise PC performs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Benjamin Prada , Shion Matsumoto , Abdul Malik Zekri , Ankur Mali

The quality of data representation in deep learning methods is directly related to the prior model imposed on the representations; however, generally used fixed priors are not capable of adjusting to the context in the data. To address this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-03-18 Rakesh Chalasani , Jose C. Principe

Backpropagation (BP) of errors is the backbone training algorithm for artificial neural networks (ANNs). It updates network weights through gradient descent to minimize a loss function representing the mismatch between predictions and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-08-13 Davide Casnici , Charlotte Frenkel , Justin Dauwels

Training with backpropagation (BP) in standard deep learning consists of two main steps: a forward pass that maps a data point to its prediction, and a backward pass that propagates the error of this prediction back through the network.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Tommaso Salvatori , Luca Pinchetti , Beren Millidge , Yuhang Song , Tianyi Bao , Rafal Bogacz , Thomas Lukasiewicz

Differential linear network coding (DLNC) is a precoding scheme for information transmission over random linear networks. By using differential encoding and decoding, the conventional approach of lifting, required for inherent channel…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2015-01-29 Sven Puchinger , Michael Cyran , Robert F. H. Fischer , Martin Bossert , Johannes B. Huber

We present PredProp, a method for optimization of weights and states in predictive coding networks (PCNs) based on the precision of propagated errors and neural activity. PredProp jointly addresses inference and learning via stochastic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-08 André Ofner , Sebastian Stober

We present differentiable predictive control (DPC), a method for learning constrained neural control policies for linear systems with probabilistic performance guarantees. We employ automatic differentiation to obtain direct policy…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-28 Jan Drgona , Aaron Tuor , Draguna Vrabie

Recent years have witnessed a growing call for renewed emphasis on neuroscience-inspired approaches in artificial intelligence research, under the banner of NeuroAI. A prime example of this is predictive coding networks (PCNs), based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Björn van Zwol , Ro Jefferson , Egon L. van den Broek

We propose a novel adaptive and causal random linear network coding (AC-RLNC) algorithm with forward error correction (FEC) for a point-to-point communication channel with delayed feedback. AC-RLNC is adaptive to the channel condition, that…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-09-30 Alejandro Cohen , Derya Malak , Vered Bar Bracha , Muriel Medard

Backpropagation has rapidly become the workhorse credit assignment algorithm for modern deep learning methods. Recently, modified forms of predictive coding (PC), an algorithm with origins in computational neuroscience, have been shown to…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-04-07 Umais Zahid , Qinghai Guo , Zafeirios Fountas

Due to the rapid growth of smart agents such as weakly connected computational nodes and sensors, developing decentralized algorithms that can perform computations on local agents becomes a major research direction. This paper considers the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-09 Haishan Ye , Tong Zhang

Predictive coding networks are neuroscience-inspired models with roots in both Bayesian statistics and neuroscience. Training such models, however, is quite inefficient and unstable. In this work, we show how by simply changing the temporal…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-02-08 Tommaso Salvatori , Yuhang Song , Yordan Yordanov , Beren Millidge , Zhenghua Xu , Lei Sha , Cornelius Emde , Rafal Bogacz , Thomas Lukasiewicz

We present a novel optimization-based decoding algorithm for LDPC codes that is suitable for hardware architectures specialized to feed-forward neural networks. The algorithm is based on the projected gradient descent algorithm with a…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-16 Tadashi Wadayama , Satoshi Takabe

Belief-propagation (BP) decoding for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes is appealing due to its low complexity, yet it often exhibits convergence issues due to quantum degeneracy and short cycles that exist in the Tanner graph.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohsen Moradi , Vahid Nourozi , Salman Habib , David G. M. Mitchell

Deep learning has enabled significant advances in feedback-based channel coding, yet existing learned schemes remain fundamentally limited: they employ fixed block lengths, suffer degraded performance at high rates, and cannot fully exploit…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Yu Ding , Yulin Shao