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Word embeddings are a powerful approach for analyzing language and have been widely popular in numerous tasks in information retrieval and text mining. Training embeddings over huge corpora is computationally expensive because the input is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-11 Avishek Anand , Megha Khosla , Jaspreet Singh , Jan-Hendrik Zab , Zijian Zhang

We explore best practices for training small, memory efficient machine translation models with sequence-level knowledge distillation in the domain adaptation setting. While both domain adaptation and knowledge distillation are widely-used,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Mitchell A. Gordon , Kevin Duh

Contrastive language-image pretraining (CLIP) links vision and language modalities into a unified embedding space, yielding the tremendous potential for vision-language (VL) tasks. While early concurrent works have begun to study this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-01-02 Zhecan Wang , Noel Codella , Yen-Chun Chen , Luowei Zhou , Jianwei Yang , Xiyang Dai , Bin Xiao , Haoxuan You , Shih-Fu Chang , Lu Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated excellent performance in text embedding tasks. Previous work usually use LoRA to fine-tune existing LLMs, which are limited by the data and training gap between LLMs and embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Shiyu Li , Yang Tang , Ruijie Liu , Shi-Zhe Chen , Xi Chen

Generative adversarial networks (GANs) have shown significant potential in modeling high dimensional distributions of image data, especially on image-to-image translation tasks. However, due to the complexity of these tasks,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-20 Zeqi Li , Ruowei Jiang , Parham Aarabi

Deep pre-training and fine-tuning models (like BERT, OpenAI GPT) have demonstrated excellent results in question answering areas. However, due to the sheer amount of model parameters, the inference speed of these models is very slow. How to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-23 Ze Yang , Linjun Shou , Ming Gong , Wutao Lin , Daxin Jiang

We present LEAF ("Lightweight Embedding Alignment Framework"), a knowledge distillation framework for text embedding models. A key distinguishing feature is that our distilled leaf models are aligned to their teacher. In the context of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Robin Vujanic , Thomas Rueckstiess

In the past year, distillation has seen a renewed prominence in large language model (LLM) pretraining, exemplified by the Llama-3.2 and Gemma model families. While distillation has historically been shown to improve statistical modeling,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sachin Goyal , David Lopez-Paz , Kartik Ahuja

We introduce a multimodal visual-textual search refinement method for fashion garments. Existing search engines do not enable intuitive, interactive, refinement of retrieved results based on the properties of a particular product. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Gil Sadeh , Lior Fritz , Gabi Shalev , Eduard Oks

Pre-trained language models have been applied to various NLP tasks with considerable performance gains. However, the large model sizes, together with the long inference time, limit the deployment of such models in real-time applications.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Haojie Pan , Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Yichang Zhang , Yaliang Li , Jun Huang

Distillation has shown remarkable success in transferring knowledge from a Large Language Model (LLM) teacher to a student LLM. However, current distillation methods require similar tokenizers between the teacher and the student,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Benjamin Minixhofer , Ivan Vulić , Edoardo Maria Ponti

Large language models have become a vital component in modern NLP, achieving state of the art performance in a variety of tasks. However, they are often inefficient for real-world deployment due to their expensive inference costs. Knowledge…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Takuma Udagawa , Aashka Trivedi , Michele Merler , Bishwaranjan Bhattacharjee

Dataset distillation is a method for reducing dataset sizes by learning a small number of synthetic samples containing all the information of a large dataset. This has several benefits like speeding up model training, reducing energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-10 Ilia Sucholutsky , Matthias Schonlau

Vision-language models (VLMs) such as CLIP are trained via contrastive learning between text and image pairs, resulting in aligned image and text embeddings that are useful for many downstream tasks. A notable drawback of CLIP, however, is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Dylan Sam , Devin Willmott , Joao D. Semedo , J. Zico Kolter

Dataset distillation (DD) condenses large datasets into compact yet informative substitutes, preserving performance comparable to the original dataset while reducing storage, transmission costs, and computational consumption. However,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Yawen Zou , Guang Li , Duo Su , Zi Wang , Jun Yu , Chao Zhang

Representation-based retrieval models, so-called bi-encoders, estimate the relevance of a document to a query by calculating the similarity of their respective embeddings. Current state-of-the-art bi-encoders are trained using an expensive…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Lukas Gienapp , Niklas Deckers , Martin Potthast , Harrisen Scells

Deep neural networks (DNNs) have proven successful in a wide variety of applications such as speech recognition and synthesis, computer vision, machine translation, and game playing, to name but a few. However, existing deep neural network…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Ramit Pahwa

Teacher-student knowledge distillation is a popular technique for compressing today's prevailing large language models into manageable sizes that fit low-latency downstream applications. Both the teacher and the choice of transfer set used…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Charith Peris , Lizhen Tan , Thomas Gueudre , Turan Gojayev , Pan Wei , Gokmen Oz

Model compression and knowledge distillation have been successfully applied for cross-architecture and cross-domain transfer learning. However, a key requirement is that training examples are in correspondence across the domains. We show…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-08-30 Jong-Chyi Su , Subhransu Maji

Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive in-context learning (ICL) capabilities, where a LLM makes predictions for a given test input together with a few input-output pairs (demonstrations). Nevertheless, the inclusion of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Yichuan Li , Xiyao Ma , Sixing Lu , Kyumin Lee , Xiaohu Liu , Chenlei Guo