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The virtual synchronous generator technology analogs the characteristics of the synchronous generator via the controller design. It improved the stability of the grid systems which include the new energy. At the same time, according to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-10 Hai-Peng Ren , Qi Chen , Liang-Liang Zhang , Jie Li

With the increasing impact of low inertia due to the high penetration of distributed generation, virtual synchronous generator (VSG) technology has been proposed to improve the stability of the inverter-interfaced distributed generator by…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-09-17 Meiyi Li , Wentao Huang , Nengling Tai , Dongliang Duan

This paper investigates the transient synchronization stability in power systems hybridized with virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) and synchronous generators (SGs). A relative swing equation model is established to capture the transient…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-22 Changjun He , Li Zhang , Qi Liu , Rui Zou

In autonomous microgrids frequency regulation (FR) is a critical issue, especially with a high level of penetration of the photovoltaic (PV) generation. In this study, a novel virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control for PV generation…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-13 Cheng Zhong , Huayi Li , Yang Zhou , Yueming Lv , Jikai Chen , Yang Li

In this paper virtual synchronous generation (VSG) approach is investigated in application to low- and zero-inertia grids operated by grid-forming (GFM) inverters. The key idea here is to introduce dynamic inertia and damping constants in…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-07 Oleg O. Khamisov , Stepan P. Vasilev

Parameters of a virtual synchronous machine in a small microgrid are optimised. The dynamical behaviour of the system is simulated after a perturbation, where the system needs to return to its steady state. The cost functional evaluates the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-07 Timo Dewenter , Wiebke Heins , Benjamin Werther , Alexander K. Hartmann , Christian Bohn , Hans-Peter Beck

Increasing the inertia is widely considered to be the solution to resolving unstable interactions between coupled oscillators. In power grids, Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) are proposed to compensate the reducing inertia as rotating…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-31 Gurupraanesh Raman , Gururaghav Raman , Jimmy Chih-Hsien Peng

As electric power systems evolve towards decarbonization, the transition to inverter-based resources (IBRs) presents challenges to grid stability, necessitating innovative control solutions. Virtual synchronous generator (VSG) emerges as a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Jingzhe Xu , Weihua Zhou , Behrooz Bahrani

This paper presents a decentralized frequency-domain framework to characterize the influence of the operating point on the small-signal stability of converter-dominated power systems. The approach builds on Scaled Relative Graph (SRG)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Eder Baron-Prada , Adolfo Anta , Florian Dörfler

In a power grid with growing penetrations of renewable energy sources, inverters play a larger role in the dynamic interactions among network components. However, much is yet to be studied regarding inverter-dominated grid stability. This…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-22 Ruth Kravis , Gabriel Colon-Reyes , Duncan Callaway

This paper presents several stability analyses for grid-forming inverters and synchronous generators considering the dynamics of transmission lines and different load models. Load models are usually of secondary importance compared to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-28 Rodrigo Henriquez-Auba , Jose Daniel Lara , Duncan S. Callaway

The infusion of renewable energy sources into the conventional synchronous generation system decreases the overall system inertia and negatively impacts the stability of its primary frequency response. The lowered inertia is due to the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-01-11 Mohamed Abuagreb , Ahmed Abuhussein , Saif alZahir

The reliance on distributed renewable energy has increased recently. As a result, power electronic-based distributed generators replaced synchronous generators which led to a change in the dynamic characteristics of the microgrid. Most…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-24 Waleed Breesam , Rezvan Alamian , Nima Tashakor , Brahim Elkhalil Youcefa , Stefan M. Goetz

This work presents (i) a framework for certifying small-signal frequency stability of a power system with line dynamics and heterogeneous bus dynamics, (ii) a novel reduced-order model of damper windings in synchronous machines, and (iii) a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-01-28 Dahlia Saba , Dominic Groß

In this work, we study fast time scale dynamic interactions between inverters, synchronous machines, and transmission lines. The overlapping time scales between inverter controls and electromagnetic phenomena idfentified in recent years has…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-07 Gabriel E. Colon-Reyes , Ruth Kravis , Sunash Sharma , Duncan Callaway

The statistical properties of the subgrid energy transfers of homogeneous small-scale dynamo are investigated during the kinematic, nonlinear and statistically saturated stages. We carry out an a priori analysis of data obtained from an…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2019-02-26 Gerardus Petrus Offermans , Luca Biferale , Michele Buzzicotti , Moritz Linkmann

The virtual synchronous generator (VSG), with the analogous nonlinear power-angle relationship to the synchronous generator (SG), has attracted much attention as a promising solution for converter-based power systems. In this paper, a large…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Jiayue Lyu , Tianzhi Fang , Zhiheng Lin , Jingxue Han , Yantao Zhu

In modern power systems, shiftable loads contribute to the flexibility needed to increase robustness and ensure security. Thermal loads are among the most promising candidates for providing such service due to the large thermal storage time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-01-01 Johanna Vorwerk , Uros Markovic , Petros Aristidou , Evangelos Vrettos , Gabriela Hug

The stability of inverter-dominated power grids remains an active area of research. This paper presents novel sufficient conditions for ensuring small-signal stability in lossless and constant $R/X$ grids with highly heterogeneous mixes of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-03 Jakob Niehues , Robin Delabays , Anna Büttner , Frank Hellmann

Grid-forming voltage-source converter (GFM-VSC) may experience low-frequency resonances, such as synchronous resonance (SR) and sub-synchronous resonance (SSR), in the output power. This paper offers a comprehensive study on the root causes…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-23 Fangzhou Zhao , Tianhua Zhu , Zejie Li , Xiongfei Wang
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