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The emergence of audio language models is empowered by neural audio codecs, which establish critical mappings between continuous waveforms and discrete tokens compatible with language model paradigms. The evolutionary trends from…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-02-28 Yidi Jiang , Qian Chen , Shengpeng Ji , Yu Xi , Wen Wang , Chong Zhang , Xianghu Yue , ShiLiang Zhang , Haizhou Li

Residual Vector Quantization (RVQ) has become a dominant approach in neural speech and audio coding, providing high-fidelity compression. However, speech coding presents additional challenges due to real-world noise, which degrades…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Yunkee Chae , Kyogu Lee

Neural audio codecs have recently enabled high-fidelity reconstruction at high compression rates, especially for speech. However, speech and non-speech audio exhibit fundamentally different spectral characteristics: speech energy…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-11 Haoran Wang , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Bohan Li , Kai Yu , Shinji Watanabe

Speech compression is commonly used to send voice over radio channels in applications such as mobile telephony and two-way push-to-talk (PTT) radio. In classical systems, the speech codec is combined with forward error correction,…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-29 David Rowe , Jean-Marc Valin

Recent neural audio compression models often rely on residual vector quantization for high-fidelity coding, but using a fixed number of per-frame codebooks is suboptimal for the wide variability of audio content-especially for signals that…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Xiangbo Wang , Wenbin Jiang , Jin Wang , Yubo You , Sheng Fang , Fei Wen

Scalability and efficiency are desired in neural speech codecs, which supports a wide range of bitrates for applications on various devices. We propose a collaborative quantization (CQ) scheme to jointly learn the codebook of LPC…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-02-14 Kai Zhen , Mi Suk Lee , Jongmo Sung , Seungkwon Beack , Minje Kim

Neural Speech Codecs face a fundamental trade-off at low bitrates: preserving acoustic fidelity often compromises semantic richness. To address this, we introduce SACodec, a novel codec built upon an asymmetric dual-quantizer that employs…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-12-25 Zhongren Dong , Bin Wang , Jing Han , Haotian Guo , Xiaojun Mo , Yimin Cao , Zixing Zhang

Bitrate scalability is a desirable feature for audio coding in real-time communications. Existing neural audio codecs usually enforce a specific bitrate during training, so different models need to be trained for each target bitrate, which…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Xue Jiang , Xiulian Peng , Huaying Xue , Yuan Zhang , Yan Lu

We present VCNAC, a variable channel neural audio codec. Our approach features a single encoder and decoder parametrization that enables native inference for different channel setups, from mono speech to cinematic 5.1 channel surround…

This paper introduces a novel neural audio codec targeting high waveform sampling rates and low bitrates named APCodec, which seamlessly integrates the strengths of parametric codecs and waveform codecs. The APCodec revolutionizes the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-25 Yang Ai , Xiao-Hang Jiang , Ye-Xin Lu , Hui-Peng Du , Zhen-Hua Ling

This paper investigates three crucial yet underexplored aspects of the generalization capabilities of neural audio codecs (NACs): (i) whether NACs can generalize to unseen languages during pre-training, (ii) whether speech-only pre-trained…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Shih-Heng Wang , Jiatong Shi , Jinchuan Tian , Haibin Wu , Shinji Watanabe

While existing speech audio codecs designed for compression exploit limited forms of temporal redundancy and allow for multi-scale representations, they tend to represent all features of audio in the same way. In contrast, generative voice…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Ryan Collette , Ross Greenwood , Serena Nicoll

End-to-end image and video codecs are becoming increasingly competitive, compared to traditional compression techniques that have been developed through decades of manual engineering efforts. These trainable codecs have many advantages over…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Muhammet Balcilar , Bharath Bhushan Damodaran , Karam Naser , Franck Galpin , Pierre Hellier

This paper proposes a novel neural audio codec, named APCodec+, which is an improved version of APCodec. The APCodec+ takes the audio amplitude and phase spectra as the coding object, and employs an adversarial training strategy.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-31 Hui-Peng Du , Yang Ai , Rui-Chen Zheng , Zhen-Hua Ling

In recent works, a flow-based neural vocoder has shown significant improvement in real-time speech generation task. The sequence of invertible flow operations allows the model to convert samples from simple distribution to audio samples.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-18 Hyun-Wook Yoon , Sang-Hoon Lee , Hyeong-Rae Noh , Seong-Whan Lee

Efficiently representing audio signals in a compressed latent space is critical for latent generative modelling. However, existing autoencoders often force a choice between continuous embeddings and discrete tokens. Furthermore, achieving…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Marco Pasini , Stefan Lattner , George Fazekas

Recent advancements in neural audio codec (NAC) unlock new potential in audio signal processing. Studies have increasingly explored leveraging the latent features of NAC for various speech signal processing tasks. This paper introduces the…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Yuan Fang , Jinglin Bai , Jiajie Wang , Xueliang Zhang

Vocoders, encoding speech signals into acoustic features and allowing for speech signal reconstruction from them, have been studied for decades. Recently, the rise of deep learning has particularly driven the development of neural vocoders…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-03 Shaowen Chen , Tomoki Toda

Recently, neural networks have proven to be effective in performing speech coding task at low bitrates. However, under-utilization of intra-frame correlations and the error of quantizer specifically degrade the reconstructed audio quality.…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-05 Linping Xu , Jiawei Jiang , Dejun Zhang , Xianjun Xia , Li Chen , Yijian Xiao , Piao Ding , Shenyi Song , Sixing Yin , Ferdous Sohel

Naive Bayes has been widely used in many applications because of its simplicity and ability in handling both numerical data and categorical data. However, lack of modeling of correlations between features limits its performance. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Shihe Wang , Jianfeng Ren , Xiaoyu Lian , Ruibin Bai , Xudong Jiang