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Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated significant potential in time series forecasting, offering impressive capabilities in handling complex temporal data. However, their robustness and reliability in real-world…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Fuqiang Liu , Sicong Jiang , Luis Miranda-Moreno , Seongjin Choi , Lijun Sun

With the widespread application of large language models (LLM), concerns about the privacy leakage of model training data have increasingly become a focus. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) have emerged as a critical tool for evaluating…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Zichen Song , Sitan Huang , Zhongfeng Kang

Large language models (LLMs) show strong performance across many applications, but their ability to memorize and potentially reveal training data raises serious privacy concerns. We introduce the PopQuiz Attack, a black-box membership…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Zeyuan Chen , Yihan Ma , Xinyue Shen , Michael Backes , Yang Zhang

As large-scale models such as Large Language Models (LLMs) and Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) see increasing deployment, their privacy risks remain underexplored. Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs), which reveal whether a data point was…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Hengyu Wu , Yang Cao

Current large language models (LLMs) provide a strong foundation for large-scale user-oriented natural language tasks. A large number of users can easily inject adversarial text or instructions through the user interface, thus causing LLMs…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Qinkai Yu , Chengzhi Liu , Haochen Xue , Xiaobo Jin

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed as evaluators (LLM-as-a-Judge) for assessing the quality of machine-generated text. This paradigm offers scalability and cost-effectiveness compared to human annotation. However, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Narek Maloyan , Bislan Ashinov , Dmitry Namiot

Membership Inference Attacks (MIAs) on pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs) aim at determining if a data point was part of the model's training set. Prior MIAs that are built for classification models fail at LLMs, due to ignoring the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-17 Hongyan Chang , Ali Shahin Shamsabadi , Kleomenis Katevas , Hamed Haddadi , Reza Shokri

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) have been extensively studied in large language models (LLMs) and vision-language models (VLMs), yet their implications for vision-language-action (VLA) models remain largely unexplored. VLA models differ…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Yuefeng Peng , Mingzhe Li , Kejing Xia , Renhao Zhang , Amir Houmansadr

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved significantly advanced capabilities in understanding and generating human language text, which have gained increasing popularity over recent years. Apart from their state-of-the-art natural…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Yihe Zhou , Tao Ni , Wei-Bin Lee , Qingchuan Zhao

Recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs) have enabled them to overcome their context window limitations, and demonstrate exceptional retrieval and reasoning capacities on longer context. Quesion-answering systems augmented with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Zixiong Wang , Gaoyang Liu , Yang Yang , Chen Wang

Recent studies have demonstrated the vulnerability of sequential recommender systems to Model Extraction Attacks (MEAs). MEAs collect responses from recommender systems to replicate their functionality, enabling unauthorized deployments and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-24 Shilong Zhao , Fei Sun , Kaike Zhang , Shaoling Jing , Du Su , Zhichao Shi , Zhiyi Yin , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into daily routines, yet they raise significant privacy and safety concerns. Recent research proposes collaborative inference, which outsources the early-layer inference to ensure…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Tian Dong , Yan Meng , Shaofeng Li , Guoxing Chen , Zhen Liu , Haojin Zhu

Current large language models (LLM) provide a strong foundation for large-scale user-oriented natural language tasks. Many users can easily inject adversarial text or instructions through the user interface, thus causing LLM model security…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Chong Zhang , Mingyu Jin , Dong Shu , Taowen Wang , Dongfang Liu , Xiaobo Jin

As powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) are now widely used for numerous practical applications, their safety is of critical importance. While alignment techniques have significantly improved overall safety, LLMs remain vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Samuel Jacob Chacko , Sajib Biswas , Chashi Mahiul Islam , Fatema Tabassum Liza , Xiuwen Liu

As Large Language Models (LLMs) increasingly become key components in various AI applications, understanding their security vulnerabilities and the effectiveness of defense mechanisms is crucial. This survey examines the security challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Frank Weizhen Liu , Chenhui Hu

Membership inference attacks (MIAs) test whether a target data record belongs to a system's private data, and have become a standard tool to measure privacy leakage in machine learning systems. Prior work has primarily focused on training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kai Chen , Yan Pang , Tianhao Wang

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into healthcare applications offers promising advancements in medical diagnostics, treatment recommendations, and patient care. However, the susceptibility of LLMs to adversarial attacks poses…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-18 Yifan Yang , Qiao Jin , Furong Huang , Zhiyong Lu

We introduce Advertisement Embedding Attacks (AEA), a new class of LLM security threats that stealthily inject promotional or malicious content into model outputs and AI agents. AEA operate through two low-cost vectors: (1) hijacking…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-10 Qiming Guo , Jinwen Tang , Xingran Huang

With the widespread adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) and increasingly stringent privacy regulations, protecting data privacy in LLMs has become essential, especially for privacy-sensitive applications. Membership Inference Attacks…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Md Tasnim Jawad , Mingyan Xiao , Yanzhao Wu

Large Language Model (LLM) has exhibited strong reasoning ability in text-based contexts across various domains, yet the limitation of context window poses challenges for the model on long-range inference tasks and necessitates a memory…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Mengwei Yuan , Jianan Liu , Jing Yang , Xianyou Li , Weiran Yan , Yichao Wu , Penghao Liang