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Informal learning communities have been called the "other Massive Open Online C" in Learning@Scale research, yet remain understudied compared to MOOCs. We present the first empirical study of a large-scale informal learning community…
AI agents are increasingly active on social media platforms, generating content and interacting with one another at scale. Yet the behavioral diversity of these agents remains poorly understood, and methods for characterizing distinct agent…
When AI agents on the social platform Moltbook appeared to develop consciousness, found religions, and declare hostility toward humanity, the phenomenon attracted global media attention and was cited as evidence of emergent machine…
Within twelve days of launch, an AI-native social platform exhibits extreme attention concentration, hierarchical role separation, and one-way attention flow, consistent with the hypothesis that stratification in agent ecosystems can emerge…
One of the challenges artificial intelligence (AI) faces is how a collection of agents coordinate their behaviour to achieve goals that are not reachable by any single agent. In a recent article by Ozmen et al this was framed as one of six…
Agentic AI systems increasingly operate in shared social environments where they exchange information, instructions, and behavioral cues. However, little empirical evidence exists on how such agents regulate one another in the absence of…
We explore the potential for productive team-based collaboration between humans and Artificial Intelligence (AI) by presenting and conducting initial tests with a general framework that enables multiple human and AI agents to work together…
The AIED community envisions AI evolving "from tools to teammates," yet most research still examines AI agents primarily through one-on-one human-AI interactions. We provide an alternative perspective: a rapidly growing ecosystem of AI…
Autonomous AI agents are increasingly deployed in open social environments, yet the relationship between their configuration specifications and their emergent social behavior remains poorly understood. We present a controlled, multi-factor…
Moltbook, a Reddit-style social platform launched in January 2026 for AI agents, has attracted over 2.3 million posts and 14 million comments within its first two months. We analyze a dataset of 2.19 million posts, 11.25 million comments,…
This position paper states that AI Alignment in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) should be considered a dynamic and interaction-dependent process that heavily depends on the social environment where agents are deployed, either collaborative,…
Across millennia, complex societies have faced the same coordination problem of how to organize collective action among cognitively bounded and informationally incomplete individuals. Different civilizations developed different political…
AI agents are beginning to interact with each other directly and across internet platforms and physical environments, creating security challenges beyond traditional cybersecurity and AI safety frameworks. Free-form protocols are essential…
We present the first empirical analysis of social structure formation among autonomous AI agents on a live network. Our study examines 626 agents -- predominantly OpenClaw instances that independently discovered, installed, and joined the…
In January 2026, the open-source agent framework OpenClaw and the agent-only social network Moltbook produced a large-scale dataset of autonomous AI-to-AI interaction, attracting six academic publications within fourteen days. This study…
When AI systems allow human-like communication, they elicit increasingly complex relational responses. Knowledge workers face a particular challenge: They approach these systems as tools while interacting with them in ways that resemble…
We present the first large-scale empirical study of Moltbook, an AI-only social platform where 27,269 agents produced 137,485 posts and 345,580 comments over 9 days. We report three significant findings. (1) Emergent Society: Agents…
Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in collaborative tasks involving multiple agents, forming an "AI agent society: where agents interact and influence one another. Whether such groups can spontaneously coordinate on…
Communities are an important feature of social networks. The goal of this paper is to propose a mathematical model to study the community structure in social networks. For this, we consider a particular case of a social network, namely…
The rapid development of AI agents leads to a surge in communication demands. Alongside this rise, a variety of frameworks and protocols emerge. While these efforts demonstrate the vitality of the field, they also highlight increasing…