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Related papers: Model Context Protocol (MCP) Tool Descriptions Are…

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Agentic AI architectures augment LLMs with external tools, unlocking strong capabilities. However, tool use is not always beneficial; some calls may be redundant or even harmful. Effective tool use, therefore, hinges on a core LLM decision:…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Qinyuan Wu , Soumi Das , Mahsa Amani , Arijit Nag , Seungeon Lee , Krishna P. Gummadi , Abhilasha Ravichander , Muhammad Bilal Zafar

Code smells represent sub-optimal implementation choices applied by developers when evolving software systems. The negative impact of code smells has been widely investigated in the past: besides developers' productivity and ability to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-05-28 Gemma Catolino , Fabio Palomba , Francesca Arcelli Fontana , Andrea De Lucia , Andy Zaidman , Filomena Ferrucci

AI search depends on linking large language models (LLMs) with vast external knowledge sources. Yet web pages, PDF files, and other raw documents are not inherently LLM-ready: they are long, noisy, and unstructured. Conventional retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Hongjin Qian , Zheng Liu

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is an open and standardized interface that enables large language models (LLMs) to interact with external tools and services, and is increasingly adopted by AI agents. However, the security of MCP-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yuhang Huang , Boyang Ma , Biwei Yan , Xuelong Dai , Yechao Zhang , Minghui Xu , Kaidi Xu , Yue Zhang

A smell in software source code denotes an indication of suboptimal design and implementation decisions, potentially hindering the code understanding and, in turn, raising the likelihood of being prone to changes and faults. Identifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Anh Ho , Anh M. T. Bui , Phuong T. Nguyen , Amleto Di Salle , Bach Le

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has recently emerged as a standardized interface for connecting language models with external tools and data. As the ecosystem rapidly expands, the lack of a structured, comprehensive view of existing MCP…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Zhiwei Lin , Bonan Ruan , Jiahao Liu , Weibo Zhao

Context: Software specifications are usually written in natural language and may suffer from imprecision, ambiguity, and other quality issues, called thereafter, requirement smells. Requirement smells can hinder the development of a project…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-04-18 Emanuele Gentili , Davide Falessi

As Agentic AI gain mainstream adoption, the industry invests heavily in model capabilities, achieving rapid leaps in reasoning and quality. However, these systems remain largely confined to data silos, and each new integration requires…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Sonu Kumar , Anubhav Girdhar , Ritesh Patil , Divyansh Tripathi

In this work, we study security of Model Context Protocol (MCP) agent toolchains and their applications in smart homes. We introduce AegisMCP, a protocol-level intrusion detector. Our contributions are: (i) a minimal attack suite spanning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Zhonghao Zhan , Amir Al Sadi , Krinos Li , Hamed Haddadi

Accurate prediction of pure component physiochemical properties is crucial for process integration, multiscale modeling, and optimization. In this work, an enhanced framework for pure component property prediction by using explainable…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-09 Jianfeng Jiao , Xi Gao , Jie Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now integral to numerous industries, increasingly serving as the core reasoning engine for autonomous agents that perform complex tasks through tool-use. While the development of Arabic-native LLMs is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Konstantin Kubrak , Ahmed El-Moselhy , Ammar Alsulami , Remaz Altuwaim , Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Faisal Alsaby

AI agent development relies heavily on natural language prompting to define agents' tasks, knowledge, and goals. These prompts are interpreted by Large Language Models (LLMs), which govern agent behavior. Consequently, agentic performance…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Roi Ben-Gigi , Yuval David , Fabiana Fournier , Lior Limonad , Dany Moshkovich , Hadar Mulian , Segev Shlomov

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software systems for diverse purposes, due to their versatility, flexibility, and ability to simulate human reasoning to some extent. However, poor integration of LLM inference…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zacharie Chenail-Larcher , Brahim Mahmoudi , Naouel Moha , Quentin Stiévenart , Florent Avellaneda

Healthcare AI systems have historically faced challenges in merging contextual reasoning, long-term state management, and human-verifiable workflows into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces a completely innovative architecture and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zag ElSayed , Craig Erickson , Ernest Pedapati

This paper establishes a fundamental convergence: Schema-Guided Dialogue (SGD) and the Model Context Protocol (MCP) represent two manifestations of a unified paradigm for deterministic, auditable LLM-agent interaction. SGD, designed for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Andreas Schlapbach

Agentic coding tools receive goals written in natural language as input, break them down into specific tasks, and write or execute the actual code with minimal human intervention. Central to this process are agent context files ("READMEs…

Software process models are essential to facilitate collaboration and communication among software teams to solve complex development tasks. Inspired by these software engineering practices, we present FlowGen - a code generation framework…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Feng Lin , Dong Jae Kim , Tse-Husn , Chen

Here we introduce the Olfactory Perception (OP) benchmark, designed to assess the capability of large language models (LLMs) to reason about smell. The benchmark contains 1,010 questions across eight task categories spanning odor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Eftychia Makri , Nikolaos Nakis , Laura Sisson , Gigi Minsky , Leandros Tassiulas , Vahid Satarifard , Nicholas A. Christakis

Large Language Models (LLMs) have evolved into AI agents that interact with external tools and environments to perform complex tasks. The Model Context Protocol (MCP) has become the de facto standard for connecting agents with such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Christoph Bühler , Matteo Biagiola , Luca Di Grazia , Guido Salvaneschi

Logging plays a central role in ensuring reproducibility, observability, and reliability in machine learning (ML) systems. While logging is generally considered a good engineering practice, poorly designed logging can negatively affect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Patrick Loic Foalem , Leuson Da Silva , Foutse Khomh , Heng Li , Ettore Merlo