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Machine learning models that first learn a representation of a domain in terms of human-understandable concepts, then use it to make predictions, have been proposed to facilitate interpretation and interaction with models trained on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-08 Isaac Lage , Finale Doshi-Velez

Data attribution for generative models seeks to quantify the influence of individual training examples on model outputs. Existing methods for diffusion models typically require access to model gradients or retraining, limiting their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yutian Zhao , Chao Du , Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Min Lin

Data attribution methods trace model behavior back to its training dataset, offering an effective approach to better understand ''black-box'' neural networks. While prior research has established quantifiable links between model output and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Tong Xie , Haoyu Li , Andrew Bai , Cho-Jui Hsieh

The goal of data attribution for text-to-image models is to identify the training images that most influence the generation of a new image. Influence is defined such that, for a given output, if a model is retrained from scratch without the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Sheng-Yu Wang , Aaron Hertzmann , Alexei A. Efros , Jun-Yan Zhu , Richard Zhang

Multi-agent robotic systems are increasingly operating in real-world environments in close proximity to humans, yet are largely controlled by policy models with inscrutable deep neural network representations. We introduce a method for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Renos Zabounidis , Joseph Campbell , Simon Stepputtis , Dana Hughes , Katia Sycara

The increasing complexity of AI systems has made understanding their behavior critical. Numerous interpretability methods have been developed to attribute model behavior to three key aspects: input features, training data, and internal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Shichang Zhang , Tessa Han , Usha Bhalla , Himabindu Lakkaraju

By now there is substantial evidence that deep learning models learn certain human-interpretable features as part of their internal representations of data. As having the right (or wrong) concepts is critical to trustworthy machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Nicholas Konz , Charles Godfrey , Madelyn Shapiro , Jonathan Tu , Henry Kvinge , Davis Brown

While diffusion models excel at image generation, their growing adoption raises critical concerns about copyright issues and model transparency. Existing attribution methods identify training examples influencing an entire image, but fall…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yonghyun Park , Chieh-Hsin Lai , Satoshi Hayakawa , Yuhta Takida , Naoki Murata , Wei-Hsiang Liao , Woosung Choi , Kin Wai Cheuk , Junghyun Koo , Yuki Mitsufuji

As an effective approach to quantify how training samples influence test sample, data attribution is crucial for understanding data and model and further enhance the transparency of machine learning models. We find that prevailing data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Linxiao Yang , Xinyu Gu , Liang Sun

Many language tasks (e.g., Named Entity Recognition, Part-of-Speech tagging, and Semantic Role Labeling) are naturally framed as sequence tagging problems. However, there has been comparatively little work on interpretability methods for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Sarthak Jain , Varun Manjunatha , Byron C. Wallace , Ani Nenkova

Training data attribution (TDA) methods aim to quantify the influence of individual training data points on the model predictions, with broad applications in data-centric AI, such as mislabel detection, data selection, and copyright…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Junwei Deng , Ting-Wei Li , Shichang Zhang , Jiaqi Ma

Widespread adoption of deep models has motivated a pressing need for approaches to interpret network outputs and to facilitate model debugging. Instance attribution methods constitute one means of accomplishing these goals by retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Pouya Pezeshkpour , Sarthak Jain , Byron C. Wallace , Sameer Singh

Training data attribution (TDA) techniques find influential training data for the model's prediction on the test data of interest. They approximate the impact of down- or up-weighting a particular training sample. While conceptually useful,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Elisa Nguyen , Minjoon Seo , Seong Joon Oh

Influence Functions are a standard tool for attributing predictions to training data in a principled manner and are widely used in applications such as data valuation and fairness. In this work, we present realistic incentives to manipulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Chhavi Yadav , Ruihan Wu , Kamalika Chaudhuri

We introduce the metagame, a conceptual framework for quantifying second-order interaction effects of model explanations. For any first-order attribution $\phi(f)$ explaining a model $f$, we measure the directional influence of feature $j$…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Hubert Baniecki , Przemyslaw Biecek , Fabian Fumagalli

Despite the great progress of unsupervised domain adaptation (UDA) with the deep neural networks, current UDA models are opaque and cannot provide promising explanations, limiting their applications in the scenarios that require safe and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Junyu Gao , Xinhong Ma , Changsheng Xu

Good models require good training data. For overparameterized deep models, the causal relationship between training data and model predictions is increasingly opaque and poorly understood. Influence analysis partially demystifies training's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-02 Zayd Hammoudeh , Daniel Lowd

Data attribution seeks to trace model outputs back to training data. With the recent development of diffusion models, data attribution has become a desired module to properly assign valuations for high-quality or copyrighted training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Xiaosen Zheng , Tianyu Pang , Chao Du , Jing Jiang , Min Lin

The great success of Transformer-based models benefits from the powerful multi-head self-attention mechanism, which learns token dependencies and encodes contextual information from the input. Prior work strives to attribute model decisions…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Furu Wei , Ke Xu

The goal of data attribution is to trace model predictions back to training data. Despite a long line of work towards this goal, existing approaches to data attribution tend to force users to choose between computational tractability and…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-04-04 Sung Min Park , Kristian Georgiev , Andrew Ilyas , Guillaume Leclerc , Aleksander Madry