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Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) have been used extensively and with increasing success to model various types of sequential data. Much of this progress has been achieved through devising recurrent units and architectures with the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-03-06 Yacine Jernite , Edouard Grave , Armand Joulin , Tomas Mikolov

Modern language models define distributions over strings, but downstream tasks often require different output formats. For instance, a model that generates byte-pair strings does not directly produce word-level predictions, and a DNA model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Vésteinn Snæbjarnarson , Samuel Kiegeland , Tianyu Liu , Reda Boumasmoud , Ryan Cotterell , Tim Vieira

Successful applications of reinforcement learning in real-world problems often require dealing with partially observable states. It is in general very challenging to construct and infer hidden states as they often depend on the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-20 Xiujun Li , Lihong Li , Jianfeng Gao , Xiaodong He , Jianshu Chen , Li Deng , Ji He

Complex and nonlinear dynamical systems often involve parameters that change with time, accurate tracking of which is essential to tasks such as state estimation, prediction, and control. Existing machine-learning methods require full state…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-16 Zheng-Meng Zhai , Mohammadamin Moradi , Bryan Glaz , Mulugeta Haile , Ying-Cheng Lai

Learning to compute, the ability to model the functional behavior of a circuit graph, is a fundamental challenge for graph representation learning. Yet, the dominant paradigm is architecturally mismatched for this task. This flawed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ziyang Zheng , Jiaying Zhu , Jingyi Zhou , Qiang Xu

This paper studies sequence modeling for prediction tasks with long range dependencies. We propose a new formulation for state space models (SSMs) based on learning linear dynamical systems with the spectral filtering algorithm (Hazan et…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-12 Naman Agarwal , Daniel Suo , Xinyi Chen , Elad Hazan

Linear recurrent networks (LRNNs) and linear state space models (SSMs) promise computational and memory efficiency on long-sequence modeling tasks, yet their diagonal state transitions limit expressivity. Dense and nonlinear architectures…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Igor Dubinin , Antonio Orvieto , Felix Effenberger

Real-time recurrent learning (RTRL) for sequence-processing recurrent neural networks (RNNs) offers certain conceptual advantages over backpropagation through time (BPTT). RTRL requires neither caching past activations nor truncating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Kazuki Irie , Anand Gopalakrishnan , Jürgen Schmidhuber

In textual information extraction and other sequence labeling tasks it is now common to use recurrent neural networks (such as LSTM) to form rich embedded representations of long-term input co-occurrence patterns. Representation of output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-08-03 Dung Thai , Shikhar Murty , Trapit Bansal , Luke Vilnis , David Belanger , Andrew McCallum

Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) has been widely applied for sequence modeling. In RNN, the hidden states at current step are full connected to those at previous step, thus the influence from less related features at previous step may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-05-04 Danhao Zhu , Si Shen , Xin-Yu Dai , Jiajun Chen

Flexible neural sequence models outperform grammar- and automaton-based counterparts on a variety of tasks. However, neural models perform poorly in settings requiring compositional generalization beyond the training data -- particularly to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-09 Ekin Akyürek , Afra Feyza Akyürek , Jacob Andreas

In many environments only a tiny subset of all states yield high reward. In these cases, few of the interactions with the environment provide a relevant learning signal. Hence, we may want to preferentially train on those high-reward states…

History-dependent policies induced by recurrent neural networks (RNNs) rely on latent hidden state dynamics, making verification in partially observable reinforcement learning (RL) challenging. Existing RNN verification tools typically rely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Luca Marzari , Enrico Marchesini

Recurrent neural networks are used to forecast time series in finance, climate, language, and from many other domains. Reservoir computers are a particularly easily trainable form of recurrent neural network. Recently, a "next-generation"…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Sarah E. Marzen , Paul M. Riechers , James P. Crutchfield

We consider the problem of learning to map from natural language instructions to state transitions (actions) in a data-efficient manner. Our method takes inspiration from the idea that it should be easier to ground language to concepts that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-07-24 David Gaddy , Dan Klein

Linguistic representation learning in deep neural language models (LMs) has been studied for decades, for both practical and theoretical reasons. However, finding representations in LMs remains an unsolved problem, in part due to a dilemma…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Joshua Rozner , Cory Shain

Catching and attributing code change-induced performance regressions in production is hard; predicting them beforehand, even harder. A primer on automatically learning to predict performance regressions in software, this article gives an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Moritz Beller , Hongyu Li , Vivek Nair , Vijayaraghavan Murali , Imad Ahmad , Jürgen Cito , Drew Carlson , Ari Aye , Wes Dyer

Missing data scenarios are very common in ML applications in general and time-series/sequence applications are no exceptions. This paper pertains to a novel Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based solution for sequence prediction under missing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-19 Soumen Pachal , Avinash Achar

Code execution is a fundamental aspect of programming language semantics that reflects the exact behavior of the code. However, most pre-trained models for code intelligence ignore the execution trace and only rely on source code and…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-10 Chenxiao Liu , Shuai Lu , Weizhu Chen , Daxin Jiang , Alexey Svyatkovskiy , Shengyu Fu , Neel Sundaresan , Nan Duan

Imitation learning considerably simplifies policy synthesis compared to alternative approaches by exploiting access to expert demonstrations. For such imitation policies, errors away from the training samples are particularly critical. Even…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Kaustubh Sridhar , Souradeep Dutta , Dinesh Jayaraman , James Weimer , Insup Lee