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Renewable energy sources such as wind and solar have received much attention in recent years and large amount of renewable generation is being integrated to the electricity networks. A fundamental challenge in power system operation is to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2014-07-11 W. A. Bukhsh , C. Zhang , P. Pinson

Maintaining energy balance and economical operation is significant for multi-energy systems such as the energy hub. However, it is usually challenged by the frequently changing and unpredictable uncertainties at different timescales. Under…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Jiaxin Cao , Bo Yang , Shanying Zhu , Chi Yung Chung , Xinping Guan

A multiple market trading mechanism for the VPP to participate in electricity, renewable energy certificate (REC) and carbon emission right (CER) markets is proposed. With the introduction of the inventory mechanism of REC and CER, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-08-09 Zhihong Huang , Ye Guo , Qiuwei Wu , Li Xiao , Hongbin Sun

Renewable power to ammonia (RePtA) is a prominent zero-carbon pathway for decarbonization. Due to the imbalance between renewables and production energy demand, the RePtA system relies on the electricity exchange with the power grid.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-21 Sirui Wu , Jin Lin , Jiarong Li , Feng Liu , Yonghua Song , Yanhui Xu , Xiang Cheng , Zhipeng Yu

The mushrooming of distributed energy resources turns end-users from passive price-takers to active market participants. To manage those massive proactive end-users efficiently, virtual power plant (VPP) as an innovative concept emerges. It…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2020-09-15 Yue Chen , Tongxin Li , Changhong Zhao , Wei Wei

This paper proposes the integration of Concentrated Solar Power Plant (CSP) in the Renewable-only virtual power plant (RVPP) for bidding in the electricity day-ahead and secondary reserve markets, as well as trading thermal energy through a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-24 Hadi Nemati , Pedro Sánchez-Martín , Álvaro Ortega , Lukas Sigrist , Luis Rouco

With more renewable energy sources (RES) integrated into the power system, the intermittency of RES places a heavy burden on the system. The uncertainty of RES is traditionally handled by controllable generators to balance the real time…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-12-25 Tian Liu , Su Wang , Danny H. K. Tsang

This paper proposes a novel reserve-minimizing and allocation strategy for virtual power plants (VPPs) to deliver optimal frequency support. The proposed strategy enables VPPs, acting as aggregators for inverter-based resources (IBRs), to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-11 Xiang Zhu , Guangchun Ruan , Hua Geng

The performance of multiuser systems is both difficult to measure fairly and to optimize. Most resource allocation problems are non-convex and NP-hard, even under simplifying assumptions such as perfect channel knowledge, homogeneous…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-04-27 Emil Björnson , Gan Zheng , Mats Bengtsson , Björn Ottersten

The increase of renewables in the grid and the volatility of the load create uncertainties in the day-ahead prices of electricity markets. Adaptive robust optimization (ARO) and stochastic optimization have been used to make commitment and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-09-18 Dimitris Bertsimas , Angelos G. Koulouras

The integration of renewable energy resources (RES) in the power grid can reduce carbon intensity, but also presents certain challenges. The uncertainty and intermittent nature of RES emphasize the need for flexibility in power systems.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-04-18 Shijie Pan , Gerrit Rolofs , Luca Pontecorvi , Charalambos Konstantinou

Mathematical models simulate various events under different conditions, enabling an early overview of the system to be implemented in practice, reducing the waste of resources and in less time. In project optimization, these models play a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-05-11 Gustavo Barbosa Libotte , Fran Sérgio Lobato , Francisco Duarte Moura Neto , Gustavo Mendes Platt

This paper addresses the energy management of a grid-connected renewable generation plant coupled with a battery energy storage device in the capacity firming market, designed to promote renewable power generation facilities in small…

As the penetration of distributed energy resources increases, harnessing their flexibility becomes critical for power system operations. Virtual power plants (VPPs) offer a promising solution. However, existing VPP market scheduling tools…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-05 Lorenzo Zapparoli , Blazhe Gjorgiev , Giovanni Sansavini

The presence of variable renewable energy resources with uncertain outputs in day-ahead electricity markets results in additional balancing needs in real-time. Addressing those needs cost-effectively and reliably within a competitive market…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-23 Elina Spyrou , Qiwei Zhang , Robin B. Hytowitz , Ben F. Hobbs , Siddharth Tyagi , Mengmeng Cai , Michael Blonsky

High penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) introduces significant uncertainty and intermittency into microgrid operations, posing challenges to economic and reliable scheduling. To address this, this paper proposes an end-to-end…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-04 Tingwei Cao , Yan Xu

A promising approach to hedge against the inherent uncertainty of renewable generation is to equip the renewable plants with energy storage systems. This paper focuses on designing profit maximization offering strategies, i.e., the…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2016-12-02 Lin Yang , Mohammad H. Hajiesmaili , Hanling Yi , Minghua Chen

Renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar power, are increasingly being integrated into smart grid systems. However, when compared to traditional energy resources, the unpredictability of renewable energy generation poses significant…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-01 Arman Ghasemi , Amin Shojaeighadikolaei , Morteza Hashemi

The increasing penetration of renewable energy sources introduces significant challenges to power grid stability, primarily due to their inherent variability. A new opportunity for grid operation is the smart integration of electricity…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-10-30 Janik Pinter , Frederik Zahn , Maximilian Beichter , Ralf Mikut , Veit Hagenmeyer

The growing penetration of renewable energy sources is expected to drive higher demand for power reserve ancillary services (AS). One solution is to increase the supply by integrating distributed energy resources (DERs) into the AS market…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-03 Lorenzo Zapparoli , Blazhe Gjorgiev , Giovanni Sansavini