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The Cram\'er-Rao bound captures completely the performance of single-parameter quantum sensors. On the other hand, its extension to multiple parameters demands more caution. Different aspects need to be captured at once, including,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-14 Jayanth Jayakumar , Marco Barbieri , Magdalena Stobińska

Quantum-enhanced sensing promises to improve the performance of sensing tasks using non-classical probes and measurements that require far fewer scene-modulated photons than the best classical schemes, thereby granting…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Michael R. Grace , Christos N. Gagatsos , Saikat Guha

Designing high-precision and efficient schemes is of crucial importance for quantum parameter estimation in practice. The estimation scheme based on continuous quantum measurement is one possible type of this, which looks also the most…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-12 Cheng Zhang , Kai Zhou , Wei Feng , Xin-Qi Li

We derive a quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound (QCRB) on the error of estimating a time-changing signal. The QCRB provides a fundamental limit to the performance of general quantum sensors, such as gravitational-wave detectors, force sensors, and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2011-10-31 Mankei Tsang , Howard M. Wiseman , Carlton M. Caves

We propose a quantum fitting scheme to estimate the magnetic field gradient with $N$-atom spins preparing in W state, which attains the Heisenberg-scaling accuracy. Our scheme combines the quantum multi-parameter estimation and the least…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-30 Yong-Liang Zhang , Huan Wang , Li Jing , Liang-Zhu Mu , Heng Fan

Relevant metrological scenarios involve the simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters. The fundamental ingredient to achieve quantum-enhanced performances is based on the use of appropriately tailored quantum probes. However, reaching…

The theoretical foundation of quantum sensing is rooted in the Cram\'er-Rao formalism, which establishes quantitative precision bounds for a given quantum probe. In many practical scenarios, where more than one parameter is unknown, the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-05 George Mihailescu , Saubhik Sarkar , Abolfazl Bayat , Steve Campbell , Andrew K. Mitchell

Quantum dots (QDs) defined with electrostatic gates are a leading platform for a scalable quantum computing implementation. However, with increasing numbers of qubits, the complexity of the control parameter space also grows. Traditional…

Estimating correctly the quantum phase of a physical system is a central problem in quantum parameter estimation theory due to its wide range of applications from quantum metrology to cryptography. Ideally, the optimal quantum estimator is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-09 Marco A. Rodríguez-García , Isaac Pérez Castillo , P. Barberis-Blostein

We consider the effective dynamics obtained by double-passing a far-detuned laser probe through a large atomic spin system. The net result of the atom-field interaction is a type of coherent positive feedback that amplifies the values of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-05-08 Bradley A. Chase , JM Geremia

In this paper, we propose a unified approach to harness quantum conformal methods for multi-output distributions, with a particular emphasis on two experimental paradigms: (i) a standard 2-qubit circuit scenario producing a four-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-01-22 Emre Tasar

Quantum metrology plays a fundamental role in many scientific areas. However, the complexity of engineering entangled probes and the external noise raise technological barriers for realizing the expected precision of the to-be-estimated…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-01-21 Xiaodong Yang , Xi Chen , Jun Li , Xinhua Peng , Raymond Laflamme

The widely used quantum Cramer-Rao bound (QCRB) sets a lower bound for the mean square error of unbiased estimators in quantum parameter estimation, however, in general QCRB is only tight in the asymptotical limit. With a limited number of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-09-07 Jing Liu , Haidong Yuan

The quantum Rabi model (QRM) with linear coupling between light mode and qubit exhibits the analog of a second order phase transition for vanishing mode frequency which allows for criticality-enhanced quantum metrology in a few-body system.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-25 Zu-Jian Ying , Simone Felicetti , Gang Liu , Daniel Braak

The simultaneous multi-parameter estimation problem using a class of multi-mode entangled states is investigated in this paper. Specifically, the problem of optical phase imaging is considered and the quantum probe is taken to be a balanced…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-03-29 Lu Zhang , Kam Wai Clifford Chan

In this paper, we use the non-linear dynamics of the individual quantum trajectories of an optical cavity inside an instantaneous quantum feedback loop to measure the phase shift between two pathways of light with an accuracy above the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-08-31 Lewis A. Clark , Adam Stokes , Almut Beige

Advanced super-resolution imaging techniques require specific approaches for accurate and consistent estimation of the achievable spatial resolution. Fisher information supplied to Cramer-Rao bound (CRB) has proved to be a powerful and…

Estimation of physical parameters encoded in a Hamiltonian is a central task in quantum sensing and learning. While the ultimate precision limit for estimating a single parameter coupled to a single generator is well established, the…

Determining when the multiparameter quantum Cram\'er--Rao bound (QCRB) is saturable with experimentally relevant single-copy measurements is a central open problem in quantum metrology. Here we establish an equivalence between QCRB…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-30 Jing Yang , Satoya Imai , Luca Pezzè

We investigate strategies for reaching the ultimate limit on the precision of frequency estimation when the number of probes used in each run of the experiment is fixed. That limit is set by the quantum Cram\'er-Rao bound (QCRB), which…