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When language models use test-time sampling, they generate multiple reasoning trajectories and select an answer by majority vote. We show that these trajectories are not independent: for a given question, they concentrate into a small…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Meng Cai , Lars Kulik , Farhana Choudhury

Tabular data is arguably one of the most commonly used data structures in various practical domains, including finance, healthcare and e-commerce. The inherent heterogeneity allows tabular data to store rich information. However, based on a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Kuan-Yu Chen , Ping-Han Chiang , Hsin-Rung Chou , Ting-Wei Chen , Tien-Hao Chang

Tree-based models have proven to be an effective solution for web ranking as well as other problems in diverse domains. This paper focuses on optimizing the runtime performance of applying such models to make predictions, given an…

Databases · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Nima Asadi , Jimmy Lin , Arjen P. de Vries

We introduce a framework for automatically choosing data structures to support efficient computation of analytical workloads. Our contributions are twofold. First, we introduce a novel low-level intermediate language that can express the…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-12-28 Amir Shaikhha , Marios Kelepeshis , Mahdi Ghorbani

Questions in open-domain question answering are often ambiguous, allowing multiple interpretations. One approach to handling them is to identify all possible interpretations of the ambiguous question (AQ) and to generate a long-form answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Gangwoo Kim , Sungdong Kim , Byeongguk Jeon , Joonsuk Park , Jaewoo Kang

Early design decisions strongly influence environmental, economic and social outcomes, yet sustainability assessment tools rarely reveal trade-offs among these three pillars. This study presents a framework for Conflict Mapping and…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-12-15 Apala Chakrabarti

Long-horizon tasks requiring multi-step reasoning and dynamic re-planning remain challenging for large language models (LLMs). Sequential prompting methods are prone to context drift, loss of goal information, and recurrent failure cycles,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Zhenyu Zhang , Tianyi Chen , Weiran Xu , Alex Pentland , Jiaxin Pei

Efficiently navigating and understanding academic papers is crucial for scientific progress. Traditional linear formats like PDF and HTML can cause cognitive overload and obscure a paper's hierarchical structure, making it difficult to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Zijian Zhang , Pan Chen , Fangshi Du , Runlong Ye , Oliver Huang , Michael Liut , Alán Aspuru-Guzik

Serverless computing is increasingly adopted for its ability to manage complex, event-driven workloads without the need for infrastructure provisioning. However, traditional resource allocation in serverless platforms couples CPU and…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-03-03 Lingxiao Jin , Zinuo Cai , Zebin Chen , Hongyu Zhao , Ruhui Ma

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has established itself as the dominant paradigm for instilling rigorous reasoning capabilities in Large Language Models. While effective at amplifying dominant behaviors, we identify a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zesheng Hong , Jiadong Yu , Hui Pan

Explorative flow visualization allows domain experts to analyze complex flow structures by interactively investigating flow patterns. However, traditional visual interfaces often rely on specialized graphical representations and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Weihan Zhang , Jun Tao

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and task generalization. However, their application to structured data analysis remains fragile due to inconsistencies in schema…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Amit Rath

Despite their linguistic competence, Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to reason reliably and flexibly. To identify these shortcomings, we introduce the Non-Linear Reasoning (NLR) dataset, a collection of 55 unique, hand-designed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Nasim Borazjanizadeh , Steven T. Piantadosi

Proof autoformalization, the task of translating natural language theorems and proofs into machine-verifiable code, is a critical step for integrating large language models into rigorous mathematical workflows. Current approaches focus on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Rafael Cabral , Tuan Manh Do , Xuejun Yu , Wai Ming Tai , Zijin Feng , Xin Shen

Prompt tuning has achieved great success in transferring the knowledge from large pretrained vision-language models into downstream tasks, and has dominated the performance on visual grounding (VG). However, almost all existing prompt…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Chenchi Zhang , Jun Xiao , Lei Chen , Jian Shao , Long Chen

Large language models (LLMs) often suffer from hallucination, generating factually incorrect statements when handling questions beyond their knowledge and perception. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) addresses this by retrieving…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Shengyuan Chen , Chuang Zhou , Zheng Yuan , Qinggang Zhang , Zeyang Cui , Hao Chen , Yilin Xiao , Jiannong Cao , Xiao Huang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capability in reasoning and planning when integrated with tree-search-based prompting methods. However, since these methods ignore the previous search experiences, they often make…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Wenyang Hui , Kewei Tu

Many common sequential data sources, such as source code and natural language, have a natural tree-structured representation. These trees can be generated by fitting a sequence to a grammar, yielding a hierarchical ordering of the tokens in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-02 Jacob Harer , Chris Reale , Peter Chin

It is evident that the current state of Large Language Models (LLMs) necessitates the incorporation of external tools. The lack of straightforward algebraic and logical reasoning is well documented and prompted researchers to develop…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Eren Unlu

Agentic workflows have emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex, multi-stage tasks, but serving them at scale is computationally expensive given the many LLM inferences that each request must pass through. Configuration selection,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Yinwei Dai , Zhuofu Chen , Anand Iyer , Ravi Netravali