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Machine unlearning for large language models often faces a privacy dilemma in which strict constraints prohibit sharing either the server's parameters or the client's forget set. To address this dual non-disclosure constraint, we propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Tiantong Wang , Xinyu Yan , Tiantong Wu , Yurong Hao , Pengjun Xie , Wei Yang Bryan Lim

Machine unlearning is the process of removing the impact of a particular set of training samples from a pretrained model. It aims to fulfill the "right to be forgotten", which grants the individuals such as patients the right to reconsider…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-11 Reza Nasirigerdeh , Nader Razmi , Julia A. Schnabel , Daniel Rueckert , Georgios Kaissis

Machine unlearning focuses on efficiently removing specific data from trained models, addressing privacy and compliance concerns with reasonable costs. Although exact unlearning ensures complete data removal equivalent to retraining, it is…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Nima Naderloui , Shenao Yan , Binghui Wang , Jie Fu , Wendy Hui Wang , Weiran Liu , Yuan Hong

An increasing number of regulations propose AI audits as a mechanism for achieving transparency and accountability for artificial intelligence (AI) systems. Despite some converging norms around various forms of AI auditing, auditing for the…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-05-29 Khoa Lam , Benjamin Lange , Borhane Blili-Hamelin , Jovana Davidovic , Shea Brown , Ali Hasan

Machine unlearning (MUL) refers to the problem of making a pre-trained model selectively forget some training instances or class(es) while retaining performance on the remaining dataset. Existing MUL research involves fine-tuning using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Soumya Roy , Soumya Banerjee , Vinay Verma , Soumik Dasgupta , Deepak Gupta , Piyush Rai

As Machine Learning (ML) evolves, the complexity and sophistication of security threats against this paradigm continue to grow as well, threatening data privacy and model integrity. In response, Machine Unlearning (MU) is a recent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Muhammed Shafi K. P. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

This work delves into the complexities of machine unlearning in the face of distributional shifts, particularly focusing on the challenges posed by non-uniform feature and label removal. With the advent of regulations like the GDPR…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-14 Ling Han , Nanqing Luo , Hao Huang , Jing Chen , Mary-Anne Hartley

How can we effectively remove or ''unlearn'' undesirable information, such as specific features or the influence of individual data points, from a learning outcome while minimizing utility loss and ensuring rigorous guarantees? We introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Shizhou Xu , Thomas Strohmer

Rising concern for the societal implications of artificial intelligence systems has inspired a wave of academic and journalistic literature in which deployed systems are audited for harm by investigators from outside the organizations…

Deep machine unlearning is the problem of `removing' from a trained neural network a subset of its training set. This problem is very timely and has many applications, including the key tasks of removing biases (RB), resolving confusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Meghdad Kurmanji , Peter Triantafillou , Jamie Hayes , Eleni Triantafillou

The explosive growth of machine learning has made it a critical infrastructure in the era of artificial intelligence. The extensive use of data poses a significant threat to individual privacy. Various countries have implemented…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Hengzhu Liu , Ping Xiong , Tianqing Zhu , Philip S. Yu

Machine unlearning is critical for enforcing data deletion rights like the "right to be forgotten." As a decentralized paradigm, Federated Learning (FL) also requires unlearning, but realistic implementations face two major challenges.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 ZiHeng Huang , Di Wu , Jun Bai , Jiale Zhang , Sicong Cao , Ji Zhang , Yingjie Hu

Machine unlearning strives to uphold the data owners' right to be forgotten by enabling models to selectively forget specific data. Recent advances suggest pre-computing and storing statistics extracted from second-order information and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Xinbao Qiao , Meng Zhang , Ming Tang , Ermin Wei

Large language models deployed in sensitive applications increasingly require the ability to unlearn specific knowledge, such as user requests, copyrighted materials, or outdated information, without retraining from scratch to ensure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Sadia Asif , Mohammad Mohammadi Amiri

Machine Learning (ML) models have been shown to potentially leak sensitive information, thus raising privacy concerns in ML-driven applications. This inspired recent research on removing the influence of specific data samples from a trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-30 Youyang Qu , Xin Yuan , Ming Ding , Wei Ni , Thierry Rakotoarivelo , David Smith

Regulations introduced by General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) in the EU or California Consumer Privacy Act (CCPA) in the US have included provisions on the \textit{right to be forgotten} that mandates industry applications to remove…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-20 Vinayshekhar Bannihatti Kumar , Rashmi Gangadharaiah , Dan Roth

Machine unlearning aims to efficiently eliminate the memory about deleted data from trained models and address the right to be forgotten. Despite the success of existing unlearning algorithms, unlearning in sparse models has not yet been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Yang Xiao , Gen Li , Jie Ji , Ruimeng Ye , Xiaolong Ma , Bo Hui

Modern privacy regulations grant citizens the right to be forgotten by products, services and companies. In case of machine learning (ML) applications, this necessitates deletion of data not only from storage archives but also from ML…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-01 Vikram S Chundawat , Ayush K Tarun , Murari Mandal , Mohan Kankanhalli

Machine unlearning refers to the process of mitigating the influence of specific training data on machine learning models based on removal requests from data owners. However, one important area that has been largely overlooked in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Dayong Ye , Tianqing Zhu , Congcong Zhu , Derui Wang , Kun Gao , Zewei Shi , Sheng Shen , Wanlei Zhou , Minhui Xue

This review explores machine unlearning (MUL) in recommendation systems, addressing adaptability, personalization, privacy, and bias challenges. Unlike traditional models, MUL dynamically adjusts system knowledge based on shifts in user…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-01-23 Bhavika Sachdeva , Harshita Rathee , Sristi , Arun Sharma , Witold Wydmański
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