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The inference process for large language models is slow and memory-intensive, with one of the most critical bottlenecks being excessive Key-Value (KV) cache accesses. This paper introduces "Double Sparsity," a novel post-training sparse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Shuo Yang , Ying Sheng , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Ion Stoica , Lianmin Zheng

The widely-used, weight-only quantized large language models (LLMs), which leverage low-bit integer (INT) weights and retain floating-point (FP) activations, reduce storage requirements while maintaining accuracy. However, this shifts the…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Chao Fang , Man Shi , Robin Geens , Arne Symons , Zhongfeng Wang , Marian Verhelst

Dynamic activation (DA) techniques, such as DejaVu and MoEfication, have demonstrated their potential to significantly enhance the inference efficiency of large language models (LLMs). However, these techniques often rely on ReLU activation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-22 Chi Ma , Mincong Huang , Ying Zhang , Chao Wang , Yujie Wang , Lei Yu , Chuan Liu , Wei Lin

Large Language Models have achieved remarkable success across various natural language processing tasks, yet their high computational cost during inference remains a major bottleneck. This paper introduces Sparse Expert Activation Pruning…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Xun Liang , Hanyu Wang , Huayi Lai , Simin Niu , Shichao Song , Jiawei Yang , Jihao Zhao , Feiyu Xiong , Bo Tang , Zhiyu Li

Improving the reasoning capabilities of diffusion-based large language models (dLLMs) through reinforcement learning (RL) remains an open problem. The intractability of dLLMs likelihood function necessitates approximating the current, old,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Xiaohang Tang , Rares Dolga , Sangwoong Yoon , Ilija Bogunovic

Large language models (LLMs) augmented with retrieval exhibit robust performance and extensive versatility by incorporating external contexts. However, the input length grows linearly in the number of retrieved documents, causing a dramatic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yun Zhu , Jia-Chen Gu , Caitlin Sikora , Ho Ko , Yinxiao Liu , Chu-Cheng Lin , Lei Shu , Liangchen Luo , Lei Meng , Bang Liu , Jindong Chen

The growing demand for long-context inference capabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs) has intensified the computational and memory bottlenecks inherent to the self-attention mechanism. To address this challenge, we introduce BLASST, a…

Large Language Models (LLMs) vary in their abilities on a range of tasks. Initiatives such as the Open LLM Leaderboard aim to quantify these differences with several large benchmarks (sets of test items to which an LLM can respond either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Alex Kipnis , Konstantinos Voudouris , Luca M. Schulze Buschoff , Eric Schulz

Fueled by their remarkable ability to tackle diverse tasks across multiple domains, large language models (LLMs) have grown at an unprecedented rate, with some recent models containing trillions of parameters. This growth is accompanied by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Athanasios Glentis , Jiaxiang Li , Qiulin Shang , Andi Han , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Quan Wei , Mingyi Hong

Language models (LMs) are typically post-trained for desired capabilities and behaviors via weight-based or prompt-based steering, but the former is time-consuming and expensive, and the latter is not precisely controllable and often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Sasha Cui , Zhongren Chen

Sparse training reduces the memory and computational costs of deep neural networks. However, sparse optimization methods, e.g., those adding an $\ell_1$ penalty, often control sparsity only indirectly through a regularization parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Ahmad Aloradi , Tim Roith , Emanuël A. P. Habets , Daniel Tenbrinck

Understanding the internal representations of large language models (LLMs) is a central challenge in interpretability research. Existing feature interpretability methods often rely on strong assumptions about the structure of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yifan Luo , Zhennan Zhou , Bin Dong

Evaluating the importance of different layers in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for optimizing model performance and interpretability. This paper first explores layer importance using the Activation Variance-Sparsity Score (AVSS),…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Zichen Song , Sitan Huang , Yuxin Wu , Zhongfeng Kang

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have predominantly focused on maximizing accuracy and reasoning capabilities, often overlooking crucial computational efficiency considerations. While this approach has yielded impressive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Marwan AbdElhameed , Pavly Halim

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated outstanding performance in various tasks, such as text summarization, text question-answering, and etc. While their performance is impressive, the computational footprint due to their vast…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Peng Xu , Wenqi Shao , Mengzhao Chen , Shitao Tang , Kaipeng Zhang , Peng Gao , Fengwei An , Yu Qiao , Ping Luo

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but the billion-scale parameters pose deployment challenges. Although existing methods attempt to reduce the scale of LLMs, they require either…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Xinhao Huang , You-Liang Huang , Zeyi Wen

Large-scale foundation models have demonstrated exceptional performance in language and vision tasks. However, the numerous dense matrix-vector operations involved in these large networks pose significant computational challenges during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Changwoo Lee , Soo Min Kwon , Qing Qu , Hun-Seok Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) are proficient in natural language processing tasks, but their deployment is often restricted by extensive parameter sizes and computational demands. This paper focuses on post-training quantization (PTQ) in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Janghwan Lee , Minsoo Kim , Seungcheol Baek , Seok Joong Hwang , Wonyong Sung , Jungwook Choi

Nowadays, increasingly larger Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) are being developed, trained, and utilized. These networks require significant computational resources, putting a strain on both advanced and limited devices. Our solution is to…

The substantial memory demands of pre-training and fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) require memory-efficient optimization algorithms. One promising approach is layer-wise optimization, which treats each transformer block as a single…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yuxi Liu , Renjia Deng , Yutong He , Xue Wang , Tao Yao , Kun Yuan
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