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Repulsive self-propelled particles tend to cluster, leading to Motility-Induced Phase Separation (MIPS). By analogy with equilibrium phase separation, the onset of MIPS has been associated with a transition to effective attraction between…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-05-05 Rosalba Garcia-Millan , Luca Cocconi , Ziluo Zhang , Marius Bothe , Letian Chen , Zigan Zhen , Gunnar Pruessner

Many structural properties of conventional passive materials are known to arise from the symmetries of their microscopic constituents. By contrast, it is largely unclear how the interplay between cell shape and self-propulsion controls the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2014-01-29 H. H. Wensink , V. Kantsler , R. E. Goldstein , J. Dunkel

Active systems across scales, ranging from molecular machines to human crowds, are usually modeled as assemblies of self-propelled particles driven by internally generated forces. However, these models often assume memoryless dynamics and…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-12-10 Marc Besse , Raphaël Voituriez

Active materials take advantage of their internal sources of energy to self-organize in an automated manner. This feature provides a novel opportunity to design micron-scale machines with minimal required control. However, self-organization…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2021-01-22 Zijie Qu , Jialong Jiang , Heun Jin Lee , Rob Phillips , Shahriar Shadkhoo , Matt Thomson

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is a central collective phenomenon in active matter, theoretically established in the overdamped regime. We discover that the dynamical origin of MIPS is fundamentally altered by inertia, which…

We computationally study suspensions of slow and fast active Brownian particles that have undergone motility induced phase separation and are at steady state. Such mixtures, of varying non-zero activity, remain largely unexplored even…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-07-11 Nicholas J Lauersdorf , Ehssan Nazockdast , Daphne Klotsa

In analogy to nanoscopic molecules that are composed of individual atoms, we consider an active "microswimmer molecule". It is built up from three individual magnetic colloidal microswimmers that are connected by harmonic springs and…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2016-04-12 Sonja Babel , Hartmut Löwen , Andreas M. Menzel

A hallmark of living systems is the ability to employ a common set of versatile building blocks that can self-organize into a multitude of different structures, in a way that can be controlled with minimal cost. This capability can only be…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-01-26 Saeed Osat , Ramin Golestanian

Motility-induced phase separation (MIPS) is a paradigmatic non-equilibrium transition in active matter, determined by the P\'eclet number and packing fraction. We investigate the single-phase and phase-separated regimes of MIPS using a…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-10-03 Italo Salas , Francisca Guzmán-Lastra , Denisse Pastén , Ariel Norambuena

While the collective motion of active particles has been studied extensively, effective strategies to navigate particle swarms without external guidance remain elusive. We introduce a method to control the trajectories of two-dimensional…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2023-08-28 Sophie Y. Lee , Philipp W. A. Schönhöfer , Sharon C. Glotzer

Active fluids operate by constantly dissipating energy at the particle level to perform a directed motion, yielding dynamics and phases without any equilibrium equivalent. The emerging behaviors have been studied extensively, yet…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2020-02-03 Étienne Fodor , Takahiro Nemoto , Suriyanarayanan Vaikuntanathan

Active particles such as swimming bacteria or self-propelled colloids are known to spontaneously organize into fascinating large-scale dynamic structures. The emergence of these collective states from the motility pattern of the individual…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-11-20 Hamid Karan , Gerardo E. Pradillo , Petia M. Vlahovska

The appearance of emergent symmetries in complex systems with components that can form composite units provides us with opportunities for design and control of exotic phase behaviour, for example by exploiting the dynamical symmetry…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2026-03-24 Jakob Metson , Ramin Golestanian

Programming physical intelligence into mechanisms holds great promise for machines that can accomplish tasks such as navigation of unstructured environments while utilizing a minimal amount of computational resources and electronic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Leon M. Kamp , Mohamed Zanaty , Ahmad Zareei , Benjamin Gorissen , Robert J. Wood , Katia Bertoldi

Self-propelled particles serve as minimal models for emulating the dynamic self-organization of microorganisms, yet most synthetic systems remain limited to a single mode of motion, namely active Brownian particles (ABPs). Here, we present…

Active particles contain internal degrees of freedom with the ability to take in and dissipate energy and, in the process, execute systematic movement. Examples include all living organisms and their motile constituents such as molecular…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2015-05-18 Sriram Ramaswamy

We study a minimal model involving two species of particles interacting via quorum-sensing rules. Combining simulations of the microscopic model and linear stability analysis of the associated coarse-grained field theory, we identify a…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2023-10-13 Yu Duan , Jaime Agudo-Canalejo , Ramin Golestanian , Benoît Mahault

We study non-equilibrium phases for interacting two-dimensional self-propelled particles with isotropic pair-wise interactions using a persistent kinetic Monte Carlo (MC) approach. We establish the quantitative phase diagram, including the…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-04-17 Juliane U. Klamser , Sebastian C. Kapfer , Werner Krauth

Thanks to a constant energy input, active matter can self-assemble into phases with complex architectures and functionalities such as living clusters that dynamically form, reshape and break-up, which are forbidden in equilibrium materials…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-03-27 Falko Schmidt , Benno Liebchen , Hartmut Löwen , Giovanni Volpe

We model and study the patterns created through the interaction of collectively moving self-propelled particles (SPPs) and elastically tethered obstacles. Simulations of an individual-based model reveal at least three distinct large-scale…