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Federated learning has emerged as a promising approach for training machine learning models on decentralized data sources while preserving data privacy. However, challenges such as communication bottlenecks, heterogeneity of client devices,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Anna Vettoruzzo , Mohamed-Rafik Bouguelia , Thorsteinn Rögnvaldsson

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) models are an emerging class of sparsely activated deep learning models that have sublinear compute costs with respect to their parameters. In contrast with dense models, the sparse architecture of MoE offers…

Training large-scale Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models typically requires high-memory, high-bandwidth GPUs (e.g., A100), and their high cost has become a major barrier to large-model training. In contrast, affordable hardware is low-cost but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Xin Ye , Daning Cheng , Boyang Zhang , Yunquan Zhang

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

Federated learning (FL) has been recognized as a viable solution for local-privacy-aware collaborative model training in wireless edge networks, but its practical deployment is hindered by the high communication overhead caused by frequent…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Shuai Wang , Yanqing Xu , Chaoqun You , Mingjie Shao , Tony Q. S. Quek

The parameter size of modern large language models (LLMs) can be scaled up via the sparsely-activated Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) technique to avoid excessive increase of the computational costs. To further improve training efficiency,…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yunqi Gao , Bing Hu , Mahdi Boloursaz Mashhadi , A-Long Jin , Yanfeng Zhang , Pei Xiao , Rahim Tafazolli , Merouane Debbah

With the wealth of information produced by social networks, smartphones, medical or financial applications, speculations have been raised about the sensitivity of such data in terms of users' personal privacy and data security. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-21 Vito Walter Anelli , Yashar Deldjoo , Tommaso Di Noia , Antonio Ferrara

Mixture of Experts (MoE) models have enabled the scaling of Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models (VLMs) by achieving massive parameter counts while maintaining computational efficiency. However, MoEs introduce several…

Federated learning is a collaborative model training method that iterates model updates by multiple clients and aggregation of the updates by a central server. Device and statistical heterogeneity of participating clients cause significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Ayano Nakai-Kasai , Tadashi Wadayama

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture is a powerful technique for scaling language models, yet it often suffers from expert homogenization, where experts learn redundant functionalities, thereby limiting MoE's full potential. To address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Jiaang Li , Haibin Chen , Langming Liu , Yujin Yuan , Yadao Wang , Yizhen Zhang , Chengting Yu , Xin Tong , Weidong Zhang , Shilei Liu , Wenbo Su , Bo Zheng

Larger transformer models always perform better on various tasks but require more costs to scale up the model size. To efficiently enlarge models, the mixture-of-experts (MoE) architecture is widely adopted, which consists of a gate network…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-11-14 Xiaonan Nie , Qibin Liu , Fangcheng Fu , Shenhan Zhu , Xupeng Miao , Xiaoyang Li , Yang Zhang , Shouda Liu , Bin Cui

The fusion of complementary multimodal information is crucial in computational pathology for accurate diagnostics. However, existing multimodal learning approaches necessitate access to users' raw data, posing substantial privacy risks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Yuanzhe Peng , Jieming Bian , Jie Xu

Federated learning (FL) for large language models (LLMs) offers a privacy-preserving scheme, enabling clients to collaboratively fine-tune locally deployed LLMs or smaller language models (SLMs) without exchanging raw data. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Xinlu Zhang , Na Yan , Yang Su , Yansha Deng , Toktam Mahmoodi

Federated prompt learning benefits federated learning with CLIP-like Vision-Language Model's (VLM's) robust representation learning ability through prompt learning. However, current federated prompt learning methods are habitually…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-02 Jun Luo , Chen Chen , Shandong Wu

New technological advancements in wireless networks have enlarged the number of connected devices. The unprecedented surge of data volume in wireless systems empowered by artificial intelligence (AI) opens up new horizons for providing…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Mohammad Al-Quraan , Lina Mohjazi , Lina Bariah , Anthony Centeno , Ahmed Zoha , Sami Muhaidat , Mérouane Debbah , Muhammad Ali Imran

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models are designed to enhance the efficiency of large language models (LLMs) without proportionally increasing the computational demands. However, their deployment on edge devices still faces significant challenges…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Shuzhang Zhong , Ling Liang , Yuan Wang , Runsheng Wang , Ru Huang , Meng Li

Deep Learning (DL) models have been widely deployed on IoT devices with the help of advancements in DL algorithms and chips. However, the limited resources of edge devices make these on-device DL models hard to be generalizable to diverse…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-27 Bufang Yang , Lixing He , Neiwen Ling , Zhenyu Yan , Guoliang Xing , Xian Shuai , Xiaozhe Ren , Xin Jiang

Federated Edge Learning (FEL) has emerged as a promising approach for enabling edge devices to collaboratively train machine learning models while preserving data privacy. Despite its advantages, practical FEL deployment faces significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Quyang Pan , Sheng Sun , Zhiyuan Wu , Yuwei Wang , Min Liu , Bo Gao , Jingyuan Wang

Federated edge learning (FEEL) has recently emerged as a promising paradigm for achieving edge intelligence (EI) via enabling collaborative model training across edge devices while protecting data privacy. In this paper, we put forth an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zhen Li , Jun Cai , Chao Yang , Haoran Gao

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) large language models (LLMs), which leverage dynamic routing and sparse activation to enhance efficiency and scalability, have achieved higher performance while reducing computational costs. However, these models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Xing Hu , Zhixuan Chen , Dawei Yang , Zukang Xu , Chen Xu , Zhihang Yuan , Sifan Zhou , Jiangyong Yu