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Distributed Quantum Computing (DQC) enables scalability by interconnecting multiple QPUs. Among various DQC implementations, quantum data centers (QDCs), which utilize reconfigurable optical switch networks to link QPUs across different…

Belief-propagation (BP) decoding for quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes is appealing due to its low complexity, yet it often exhibits convergence issues due to quantum degeneracy and short cycles that exist in the Tanner graph.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Mohsen Moradi , Vahid Nourozi , Salman Habib , David G. M. Mitchell

Spin qubits in silicon quantum dot arrays are a promising quantum computation platform for long-term scalability due to their small qubit footprint and compatibility with advanced semiconductor manufacturing. However, spin qubit devices…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-11 Jason D. Chadwick , Willers Yang , Joshua Viszlai , Frederic T. Chong

The magnificence grandeur of quantum computing lies in the inherent nature of quantum particles to exhibit true parallelism, which can be realized by indubitably fascinating theories of quantum physics. The possibilities opened by quantum…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2020-10-19 Nivedita Dey , Mrityunjay Ghosh , Subhra Samir kundu , Amlan Chakrabarti

Reconciliation is an important step to correct errors in Quantum Key Distribution (QKD). In QKD, after comparing basis, two legitimate parties possess two correlative keys which have some differences and they could obtain identical keys…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-28 Zhengchao Wei , Zhi Ma

Reconciliation is a crucial procedure in post-processing of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD), which is used for correcting the error bits in sifted key strings. Although most studies about reconciliation of QKD focus on how to improve the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-03-26 Haokun Mao , Qiong Li , Qi Han , Hong Guo

The technology of Quantum Computing (QC) is continuously evolving, as researchers explore new technologies and the public gains access to quantum computers with an increasing number of qubits. In addition, the research community and…

Current quantum processors are fragile, noisy and fairly limited in both quantity and quality with tens of qubits and physical error rates of around 10^-3. To realize practical quantum applications, however, error rates need to be below…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-25 Hany Ali

Active flow control remains a significant challenge due to the high-dimensional, nonlinear nature of fluid dynamics. Quantum machine learning may prove effective in addressing these issues, given that quantum computing possesses superiority…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2026-01-27 Hongfu Zhang , Hui Tang

Quantum low-density parity-check (qLDPC) codes are promising for realizing scalable fault-tolerant quantum computation due to their potential for low-overhead protocols. A common approach to decoding qLDPC codes is to use the belief…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-13 Kento Tsubouchi , Hayata Yamasaki , Shiro Tamiya

Achieving industrial quantum advantage is unlikely without the use of quantum error correction (QEC). Other QEC codes beyond surface code are being experimentally studied, such as color codes and quantum Low-Density Parity Check (qLDPC)…

Quantum computing requires effective error correction strategies to mitigate noise and decoherence. Quantum Low-Density Parity-Check (QLDPC) codes have emerged as a promising solution for scalable Quantum Error Correction (QEC) applications…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Ameya S. Bhave , Navnil Choudhury , Kanad Basu

In this paper we consider the generalization of binary spatially coupled low-density parity-check (SC-LDPC) codes to finite fields GF$(q)$, $q\geq 2$, and develop design rules for $q$-ary SC-LDPC code ensembles based on their iterative…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2014-11-18 Lai Wei , David G. M. Mitchell , Thomas E. Fuja , Daniel J. Costello

Practical quantum computing will require error rates that are well below what is achievable with physical qubits. Quantum error correction offers a path to algorithmically-relevant error rates by encoding logical qubits within many physical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-08 Rajeev Acharya , Igor Aleiner , Richard Allen , Trond I. Andersen , Markus Ansmann , Frank Arute , Kunal Arya , Abraham Asfaw , Juan Atalaya , Ryan Babbush , Dave Bacon , Joseph C. Bardin , Joao Basso , Andreas Bengtsson , Sergio Boixo , Gina Bortoli , Alexandre Bourassa , Jenna Bovaird , Leon Brill , Michael Broughton , Bob B. Buckley , David A. Buell , Tim Burger , Brian Burkett , Nicholas Bushnell , Yu Chen , Zijun Chen , Ben Chiaro , Josh Cogan , Roberto Collins , Paul Conner , William Courtney , Alexander L. Crook , Ben Curtin , Dripto M. Debroy , Alexander Del Toro Barba , Sean Demura , Andrew Dunsworth , Daniel Eppens , Catherine Erickson , Lara Faoro , Edward Farhi , Reza Fatemi , Leslie Flores Burgos , Ebrahim Forati , Austin G. Fowler , Brooks Foxen , William Giang , Craig Gidney , Dar Gilboa , Marissa Giustina , Alejandro Grajales Dau , Jonathan A. Gross , Steve Habegger , Michael C. Hamilton , Matthew P. Harrigan , Sean D. Harrington , Oscar Higgott , Jeremy Hilton , Markus Hoffmann , Sabrina Hong , Trent Huang , Ashley Huff , William J. Huggins , Lev B. Ioffe , Sergei V. Isakov , Justin Iveland , Evan Jeffrey , Zhang Jiang , Cody Jones , Pavol Juhas , Dvir Kafri , Kostyantyn Kechedzhi , Julian Kelly , Tanuj Khattar , Mostafa Khezri , Mária Kieferová , Seon Kim , Alexei Kitaev , Paul V. Klimov , Andrey R. Klots , Alexander N. Korotkov , Fedor Kostritsa , John Mark Kreikebaum , David Landhuis , Pavel Laptev , Kim-Ming Lau , Lily Laws , Joonho Lee , Kenny Lee , Brian J. Lester , Alexander Lill , Wayne Liu , Aditya Locharla , Erik Lucero , Fionn D. Malone , Jeffrey Marshall , Orion Martin , Jarrod R. McClean , Trevor Mccourt , Matt McEwen , Anthony Megrant , Bernardo Meurer Costa , Xiao Mi , Kevin C. Miao , Masoud Mohseni , Shirin Montazeri , Alexis Morvan , Emily Mount , Wojciech Mruczkiewicz , Ofer Naaman , Matthew Neeley , Charles Neill , Ani Nersisyan , Hartmut Neven , Michael Newman , Jiun How Ng , Anthony Nguyen , Murray Nguyen , Murphy Yuezhen Niu , Thomas E. O'Brien , Alex Opremcak , John Platt , Andre Petukhov , Rebecca Potter , Leonid P. Pryadko , Chris Quintana , Pedram Roushan , Nicholas C. Rubin , Negar Saei , Daniel Sank , Kannan Sankaragomathi , Kevin J. Satzinger , Henry F. Schurkus , Christopher Schuster , Michael J. Shearn , Aaron Shorter , Vladimir Shvarts , Jindra Skruzny , Vadim Smelyanskiy , W. Clarke Smith , George Sterling , Doug Strain , Marco Szalay , Alfredo Torres , Guifre Vidal , Benjamin Villalonga , Catherine Vollgraff Heidweiller , Theodore White , Cheng Xing , Z. Jamie Yao , Ping Yeh , Juhwan Yoo , Grayson Young , Adam Zalcman , Yaxing Zhang , Ningfeng Zhu

Due to their fast decoding algorithms, quantum generalizations of low-density parity check, or LDPC, codes have been investigated as a solution to the problem of decoherence in fragile quantum states. However, the additional twisted inner…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-07-04 Jacob Farinholt

Large-scale quantum computers have the potential to hold computational capabilities beyond conventional computers for certain problems. However, the physical qubits within a quantum computer are prone to noise and decoherence, which must be…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-06 Luka Skoric , Dan E. Browne , Kenton M. Barnes , Neil I. Gillespie , Earl T. Campbell

As in classical coding theory, quantum analogues of low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes have offered good error correction performance and low decoding complexity by employing the Calderbank-Shor-Steane (CSS) construction. However,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-21 Yuichiro Fujiwara , Vladimir D. Tonchev

Quantum low density parity check (qLDPC) codes, particularly bivariate bicycle (BB) codes, achieve competitive fault tolerance thresholds while offering substantially higher encoding rates than planar surface codes. However, their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-07 Nitish Kumar Chandra , Eneet Kaur , Reza Nejabati , Kaushik P. Seshadreesan

Multi-task learning (MTL) improves generalization and data efficiency by jointly learning related tasks through shared representations. In the widely used hard-parameter-sharing setting, a shared backbone is combined with task-specific…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Hevish Cowlessur , Chandra Thapa , Tansu Alpcan , Seyit Camtepe

Quantum low-density parity-check (QLDPC) codes are promising candidates for error correction in quantum computers. One of the major challenges in implementing QLDPC codes in quantum computers is the lack of a universal decoder. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-18 Sisi Miao , Alexander Schnerring , Haizheng Li , Laurent Schmalen