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LLM agents process trusted instructions, retrieved records, and tool observations through a common generative channel. This conflates data flow with authority: an untrusted string can affect a secret-bearing response or an action proposal…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Faruk Alpay , Taylan Alpay

Educational LLM tutors face a core AI alignment challenge: they must follow user intent while preserving pedagogical constraints and safety policies. We present an evaluation methodology for prompt-injection defenses in this setting,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Alexandre Cristovão Maiorano

Agentic large language model systems increasingly automate tasks by retrieving URLs and calling external tools. We show that this workflow gives rise to implicit prompt injection: adversarial instructions embedded in automatically generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Qianlong Lan , Anuj Kaul , Shaun Jones , Stephanie Westrum

Edge deployment of LLM agents on IoT hardware introduces attack surfaces absent from cloud-hosted orchestration. We present an empirical security analysis of three architectures (cloud-hosted, edge-local swarm, and hybrid) using a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Zhonghao Zhan , Krinos Li , Yefan Zhang , Hamed Haddadi

Tool-using LLM agents increasingly rely on external tools to make consequential decisions, yet most existing agent-security benchmarks and defenses implicitly assume that tool feedback is trustworthy once a tool has been selected. We study…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Lecheng Yan , Ruizhe Li , Xicheng Han , Wenxi Li , Binwu Wang , Longyue Wang , Chenyang Lyu , Guanhua Chen

Jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs) aim to induce LLMs to produce content that they are expected to refuse. Automated black-box jailbreak generation is especially important for safety evaluation, where the attacker observes…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junke Zhang , Jianwei Wang , Sishuo Chen , Yizhang He , Qingshuai Feng , Zhengyi Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into high-stakes applications, making robust safety guarantees a central practical and commercial concern. Existing safety evaluations predominantly rely on fixed collections of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Zafir Shamsi , Nikhil Chekuru , Zachary Guzman , Shivank Garg

The integration of additional modalities increases the susceptibility of large vision-language models (LVLMs) to safety risks, such as jailbreak attacks, compared to their language-only counterparts. While existing research primarily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Yilei Jiang , Xinyan Gao , Tianshuo Peng , Yingshui Tan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng , Xiangyu Yue

Recent benchmark efforts have advanced the evaluation of large language models (LLMs) in cybersecurity, including tasks such as penetration testing and vulnerability identification. However, a critical cybersecurity task, namely intrusion…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Danyu Sun , Jinghuai Zhang , Yuan Tian , Zhou Li

Deep learning models, particularly Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) networks, are widely used in time series forecasting due to their ability to capture complex temporal dependencies. However, evaluation integrity is often compromised by data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Salma Albelali , Moataz Ahmed

Large Language Models (LLMs) have transformed artificial intelligence by advancing natural language understanding and generation, enabling applications across fields beyond healthcare, software engineering, and conversational systems.…

Large language models (LLMs) are now routinely used to autonomously execute complex tasks, from natural language processing to dynamic workflows like web searches. The usage of tool-calling and Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) allows…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Dennis Rall , Bernhard Bauer , Mohit Mittal , Thomas Fraunholz

With the proliferation of LLM-integrated applications such as GPT-s, millions are deployed, offering valuable services through proprietary instruction prompts. These systems, however, are prone to prompt extraction attacks through…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Junlin Wang , Tianyi Yang , Roy Xie , Bhuwan Dhingra

LLMs are vulnerable to prompt injection attacks. However, this vulnerability has been primarily demonstrated conceptually in academic studies or through a few anecdotal case studies. Its prevalence and impact in real-world LLM-based…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Mohan Zhang , Yuqi Jia , Zhen Tan , Steven Jiang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong , Tianlong Chen , Dawn Song

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly relied upon for complex workflows, yet their ability to maintain flow of instructions remains underexplored. Existing benchmarks conflate task complexity with structural ordering, making it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Andrew Jaffe , Noah Reicin , Jinho D. Choi

The proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs) in diverse applications underscores the pressing need for robust security measures to thwart potential jailbreak attacks. These attacks exploit vulnerabilities within LLMs, endanger data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Giandomenico Cornacchia , Giulio Zizzo , Kieran Fraser , Muhammad Zaid Hameed , Ambrish Rawat , Mark Purcell

The integration of large language models with external content has enabled applications such as Microsoft Copilot but also introduced vulnerabilities to indirect prompt injection attacks. In these attacks, malicious instructions embedded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jingwei Yi , Yueqi Xie , Bin Zhu , Emre Kiciman , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie , Fangzhao Wu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress, but their deployment has exposed critical vulnerabilities, particularly to jailbreak attacks that circumvent safety alignments. Guardrails--external defense mechanisms that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xunguang Wang , Zhenlan Ji , Wenxuan Wang , Zongjie Li , Daoyuan Wu , Shuai Wang

Large language model (LLM) evaluation is increasingly costly, prompting interest in methods that speed up evaluation by shrinking benchmark datasets. Benchmark prediction (also called efficient LLM evaluation) aims to select a small subset…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Guanhua Zhang , Florian E. Dorner , Moritz Hardt

Despite rich safety alignment strategies, large language models (LLMs) remain highly susceptible to jailbreak attacks, which compromise safety guardrails and pose serious security risks. Existing detection methods mainly detect jailbreak…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Xiao Lin , Philip Li , Zhichen Zeng , Tingwei Li , Tianxin Wei , Xuying Ning , Gaotang Li , Yuzhong Chen , Hanghang Tong