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Effective human-AI collaboration on complex reasoning tasks requires that users understand and interact with the model's process, not just receive an output. However, the monolithic text from methods like Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prevents…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-21 Yueqian Lin , Zhengmian Hu , Jayakumar Subramanian , Qinsi Wang , Nikos Vlassis , Hai "Helen" Li , Yiran Chen

The use of large language models (LLMs) for Mental Health Question Answering (MHQA) offers a promising way to alleviate shortages in mental health resources. However, prior work has mainly relied on Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Lanqing Du , Yunong Li , YuJie Long , Shihong Chen

Task-oriented dialog (TOD) systems facilitate users in accomplishing complex, multi-turn tasks through natural language. While instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated strong performance on a range of single-turn NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-29 Moghis Fereidouni , Md Sajid Ahmed , Adib Mosharrof , A. B. Siddique

Recent research in dialogue systems and corpora has focused on two main categories: task-oriented (TOD) and open-domain (chit-chat) dialogues. TOD systems help users accomplish specific tasks, while open-domain systems aim to create…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Wen-Yu Chang , Yun-Nung Chen

The emergence of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) has advanced the field of dialogue systems, enabling both realistic user simulations and robust multi-turn conversational agents. However, existing research often evaluates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Chalamalasetti Kranti , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

Cross-lingual adaptation has proven effective in spoken language understanding (SLU) systems with limited resources. Existing methods are frequently unsatisfactory for intent detection and slot filling, particularly for distant languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Zhanyu Ma , Jian Ye , Shuang Cheng

Despite end-to-end neural systems making significant progress in the last decade for task-oriented as well as chit-chat based dialogue systems, most dialogue systems rely on hybrid approaches which use a combination of rule-based, retrieval…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Ashish Shrivastava , Kaustubh Dhole , Abhinav Bhatt , Sharvani Raghunath

A significant application of Large Language Models (LLMs), like ChatGPT, is their deployment as chat agents, which respond to human inquiries across a variety of domains. While current LLMs proficiently answer general questions, they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Lang Cao

Dialogue State Tracking (DST) is crucial for understanding user needs and executing appropriate system actions in task-oriented dialogues. Majority of existing DST methods are designed to work within predefined ontologies and assume the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Abdulfattah Safa , Gözde Gül Şahin

Large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in zero-shot and single step reasoning and decision making problems, but in long horizon sequential planning tasks, their errors compound, often leading to unreliable or inefficient behavior.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Anand Gokhale , Vaibhav Srivastava , Francesco Bullo

Large Language Models are being increasingly deployed as the decision-making core of autonomous agents capable of effecting change in external environments. Yet, in conversational benchmarks, which simulate real-world customer-centric issue…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Amir Saeidi , Venkatesh Mishra , Souradeep Mukhopadhyay , Gaowen Liu , Ali Payani , Jayanth Srinivasa , Chitta Baral

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to deliver accurate and actionable answers when user-provided information is incomplete or ill-specified. We propose a new interaction paradigm, First Ask Then Answer (FATA), in which, through…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-13 Chuanruo Fu , Yuncheng Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at many tasks but often falter on complex problems that require structured, multi-step reasoning. We introduce the Diagram of Thought (DoT), a framework that enables a single LLM to build and navigate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Yifan Zhang , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Computer programming textbooks and software documentations often contain flowcharts to illustrate the flow of an algorithm or procedure. Modern OCR engines often tag these flowcharts as graphics and ignore them in further processing. In…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Shreya Shukla , Prajwal Gatti , Yogesh Kumar , Vikash Yadav , Anand Mishra

Reasoning Vision Language Action (VLA) models improve robotic instruction-following by generating step-by-step textual plans before low-level actions, an approach inspired by Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning in language models. Yet even…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yilin Wu , Anqi Li , Tucker Hermans , Fabio Ramos , Andrea Bajcsy , Claudia Pérez-D'Arpino

The reasoning capability of large language models (LLMs), defined as their ability to analyze, infer, and make decisions based on input information, is essential for building intelligent task-oriented dialogue systems. However, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yu Zhu , Kai Yang

A long-standing goal of AI systems is to perform complex multimodal reasoning like humans. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have made remarkable strides in such multi-step reasoning on the language modality solely by leveraging the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-27 Ge Zheng , Bin Yang , Jiajin Tang , Hong-Yu Zhou , Sibei Yang

Recent developments have enabled Large Language Models (LLMs) to engage in complex reasoning tasks through deep thinking. However, the capacity of reasoning has not been successfully transferred to non-high-resource languages due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Rui Qi , Zhibo Man , Yufeng Chen , Fengran Mo , Jinan Xu , Kaiyu Huang

In task-oriented dialogue (ToD), a user holds a conversation with an artificial agent to complete a concrete task. Although this technology represents one of the central objectives of AI and has been the focus of ever more intense research…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-27 Evgeniia Razumovskaia , Goran Glavaš , Olga Majewska , Edoardo M. Ponti , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

The goal of building intelligent dialogue systems has largely been separately pursued under two motives: task-oriented dialogue (TOD) systems, and open-domain systems for chit-chat (CC). Although previous TOD dialogue systems work well in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Changhong Yu , Chunhong Zhang , Qi Sun