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Effective token compression remains a critical challenge for scaling models to handle increasingly complex and diverse datasets. A novel mechanism based on contextual reinforcement is introduced, dynamically adjusting token importance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Naderdel Piero , Zacharias Cromwell , Nathaniel Wainwright , Matthias Nethercott

The transformer's context window is vital for tasks such as few-shot learning and conditional generation as it preserves previous tokens for active memory. However, as the context lengths increase, the computational costs grow…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Jeffrey Willette , Heejun Lee , Youngwan Lee , Myeongjae Jeon , Sung Ju Hwang

Extrapolating ultra-long contexts (text length >128K) remains a major challenge for large language models (LLMs), as most training-free extrapolation methods are not only severely limited by memory bottlenecks, but also suffer from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Jing Xiong , Jianghan Shen , Chuanyang Zheng , Zhongwei Wan , Chenyang Zhao , Chiwun Yang , Fanghua Ye , Hongxia Yang , Lingpeng Kong , Ngai Wong

Extending the context window of large language models typically requires training on sequences at the target length, incurring quadratic memory and computational costs that make long-context adaptation expensive and difficult to reproduce.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Han Tian , Luxuan Chen , Xinran Chen , Rui Kong , Fang Wang , Jiamin Chen , Jinman Zhao , Yuchen Li , Jiashu Zhao , Shuaiqiang Wang , Haoyi Xiong , Dawei Yin

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance via extended chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet suffer from excessive token consumption and high inference latency. Existing reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for CoT…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Tingcheng Bian , Yuzhe Zhang , Jing Jin , Jinchang Luo , MingQuan Cheng , Haiwei Wang , Wenyuan Jiang , Miaohui Wang

Prompt optimization is essential for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, particularly in scenarios of few-shot learning where training examples are incorporated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Dai Do , Quan Tran , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung Le

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents in dynamic, real-world environments, where success requires both reasoning and effective tool use. A central challenge for agentic tasks is the growing context length, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Minki Kang , Wei-Ning Chen , Dongge Han , Huseyin A. Inan , Lukas Wutschitz , Yanzhi Chen , Robert Sim , Saravan Rajmohan

We propose Context-Adaptive Multi-Prompt Embedding, a novel approach to enrich semantic representations in vision-language contrastive learning. Unlike standard CLIP-style models that rely on a single text embedding, our method introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Dahun Kim , Anelia Angelova

Tokenization efficiency plays a critical role in the performance and cost of large language models (LLMs), yet most models rely on static tokenizers optimized on general-purpose corpora. These tokenizers' fixed vocabularies often fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Saibo Geng , Nathan Ranchin , Yunzhen yao , Maxime Peyrard , Chris Wendler , Michael Gastpar , Robert West

Chain-of-Thought (CoT) reasoning enhances large language models (LLMs) by enabling step-by-step problem-solving, yet its extension to Long-CoT introduces substantial computational overhead due to increased token length. Existing compression…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yibo Wang , Haotian Luo , Huanjin Yao , Tiansheng Huang , Haiying He , Rui Liu , Naiqiang Tan , Jiaxing Huang , Xiaochun Cao , Dacheng Tao , Li Shen

Extending large language models (LLMs) to process longer inputs is crucial for a wide range of applications. However, the substantial computational cost of transformers and limited generalization of positional encoding restrict the size of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Howard Yen , Tianyu Gao , Danqi Chen

Transformer-based large models excel in natural language processing and computer vision, but face severe computational inefficiencies due to the self-attention's quadratic complexity with input tokens. Recently, researchers have proposed a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Haojie Ouyang , Jianwei Lv , Lei Ren , Chen Wei , Xiaojie Wang , Fangxiang Feng

Large language models (LLMs) call for extension of context to handle many critical applications. However, the existing approaches are prone to expensive costs and inferior quality of context extension. In this work, we propose Extensible…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Ninglu Shao , Shitao Xiao , Zheng Liu , Peitian Zhang

For learned image compression, the autoregressive context model is proved effective in improving the rate-distortion (RD) performance. Because it helps remove spatial redundancies among latent representations. However, the decoding process…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-04-02 Dailan He , Yaoyan Zheng , Baocheng Sun , Yan Wang , Hongwei Qin

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have recently demonstrated strong capabilities in understanding and generating responses from diverse visual inputs, including high-resolution images and long video sequences. As these models scale…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Junwan Kim , Hyunkyung Bae

In recent years, large-scale pre-trained multimodal models (LMMs) generally emerge to integrate the vision and language modalities, achieving considerable success in multimodal tasks, such as text-image classification. The growing size of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Xinyao Yu , Hao Sun , Zeyu Ling , Ziwei Niu , Zhenjia Bai , Rui Qin , Yen-Wei Chen , Lanfen Lin

LLM context is not just tokens; it is a set of commitments. Long-running conversations accumulate goals, constraints, decisions, preferences, tool results, retrieved evidence, artifacts, and safety boundaries that future responses must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Natalia Trukhina , Vadim Vashkelis

Using special tokens (e.g., gist, memory, or compressed tokens) to compress context information is a common practice for large language models (LLMs). However, existing approaches often neglect that position encodings inherently induce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Runsong Zhao , Xin Liu , Xinyu Liu , Pengcheng Huang , Chunyang Xiao , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

In-context learning (ICL) enhances the reasoning abilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) by prepending a few demonstrations. It motivates researchers to introduce more examples to provide additional contextual information for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Jun Gao , Qi Lv , Zili Wang , Tianxiang Wu , Ziqiang Cao , Wenjie Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown exceptional abilities for multiple different natural language processing tasks. While prompting is a crucial tool for LLM inference, we observe that there is a significant cost associated with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Muhammad Asif Ali , Zhengping Li , Shu Yang , Keyuan Cheng , Yang Cao , Tianhao Huang , Guimin Hu , Weimin Lyu , Lijie Hu , Lu Yu , Di Wang