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Large language model (LLM) agents face fundamental limitations in long-horizon reasoning due to finite context windows, making effective memory management critical. Existing methods typically handle long-term memory (LTM) and short-term…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Yi Yu , Liuyi Yao , Yuexiang Xie , Qingquan Tan , Jiaqi Feng , Yaliang Li , Libing Wu

We propose Hymba, a family of small language models featuring a hybrid-head parallel architecture that integrates transformer attention mechanisms with state space models (SSMs) for enhanced efficiency. Attention heads provide…

Large Language Models (LLMs) face significant computational and memory constraints when processing long contexts, despite growing demand for applications requiring reasoning over extensive documents, multi-session dialogues, and book length…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Chandra Vamsi Krishna Alla , Harish Naidu Gaddam , Manohar Kommi

Large language models deployed as autonomous agents face critical memory limitations, lacking selective forgetting mechanisms that lead to either catastrophic forgetting at context boundaries or information overload within them. While human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Lei Wei , Xiao Peng , Xu Dong , Niantao Xie , Bin Wang

Large language models (LLMs) deployed in user-facing applications require long-horizon consistency: the ability to remember prior interactions, respect user preferences, and ground reasoning in past events. However, contemporary memory…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Daivik Patel , Shrenik Patel

Long-term memory is a critical challenge for Large Language Model agents, as fixed context windows cannot preserve coherence across extended interactions. Existing memory systems represent conversation history as unstructured embedding…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jinchang Zhu , Jindong Li , Cheng Zhang , Jiahong Liu , Menglin Yang

Large language model (LLM) agents increasingly rely on external memory to support long-horizon interaction, personalized assistance, and multi-step reasoning. However, existing memory systems still face three core challenges: they often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Shannan Yan , Jingchen Ni , Leqi Zheng , Jiajun Zhang , Peixi Wu , Dacheng Yin , Jing Lyu , Chun Yuan , Fengyun Rao

Large language models (LLMs) power many interactive systems such as chatbots, customer-service agents, and personal assistants. In knowledge-intensive scenarios requiring user-specific personalization, conventional retrieval-augmented…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Hailong Li , Feifei Li , Wenhui Que , Xingyu Fan

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM) agents has necessitated robust memory systems to support cohesive long-term interaction and complex reasoning. Benefiting from the strong capabilities of LLMs, recent research focus has…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Weiquan Huang , Zixuan Wang , Hehai Lin , Sudong Wang , Bo Xu , Qian Li , Beier Zhu , Linyi Yang , Chengwei Qin

Despite recent advances in understanding and leveraging long-range conversational memory, existing benchmarks still lack systematic evaluation of large language models(LLMs) across diverse memory dimensions, particularly in multi-session…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Ye Shen , Dun Pei , Yiqiu Guo , Junying Wang , Yijin Guo , Zicheng Zhang , Qi Jia , Jun Zhou , Guangtao Zhai

The remarkable progress of vision-language models (VLMs) has enabled GUI agents to interact with computers in a human-like manner. Yet real-world computer-use tasks remain difficult due to long-horizon workflows, diverse interfaces, and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Sibo Zhu , Wenyi Wu , Kun Zhou , Stephen Wang , Biwei Huang

Modern language agents must operate over long-horizon, multi-turn interactions, where they retrieve external information, adapt to observations, and answer interdependent queries. Yet, most LLM systems rely on full-context prompting,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Zijian Zhou , Ao Qu , Zhaoxuan Wu , Sunghwan Kim , Alok Prakash , Daniela Rus , Jinhua Zhao , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low , Paul Pu Liang

Long-horizon conversational agents have to manage ever-growing interaction histories that quickly exceed the finite context windows of large language models (LLMs). Existing memory frameworks provide limited support for temporally…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Kai Li , Xuanqing Yu , Ziyi Ni , Yi Zeng , Yao Xu , Zheqing Zhang , Xin Li , Jitao Sang , Xiaogang Duan , Xuelei Wang , Chengbao Liu , Jie Tan

Humans excel at remembering concrete experiences along spatiotemporal contexts and performing reasoning across those events, i.e., the capacity for episodic memory. In contrast, memory in language agents remains mainly semantic, and current…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yiheng Shu , Saisri Padmaja Jonnalagedda , Xiang Gao , Bernal Jiménez Gutiérrez , Weijian Qi , Kamalika Das , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Long-horizon dialogue systems suffer from semanticdrift and unstable memory retention across extended sessions. This paper presents a Multi-Layer Memory Framework that decomposes dialogue history into working, episodic, and semantic layers…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Sunil Tiwari , Payal Fofadiya

Large Language Models (LLMs) encounter significant performance bottlenecks in long-sequence tasks due to the computational complexity and memory overhead inherent in the self-attention mechanism. To address these challenges, we introduce…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Ziming Wang , Xiang Wang , Kailong Peng , Lang Qin , Juan Gabriel Kostelec , Christos Sourmpis , Axel Laborieux , Qinghai Guo

Multi-step retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has become a widely adopted strategy for enhancing large language models (LLMs) on tasks that demand global comprehension and intensive reasoning. Although many RAG systems incorporate a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Chulun Zhou , Chunkang Zhang , Guoxin Yu , Fandong Meng , Jie Zhou , Wai Lam , Mo Yu

A large language model (LLM) is one of the most important emerging machine learning applications nowadays. However, due to its huge model size and runtime increase of the memory footprint, LLM inferences suffer from the lack of memory…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Soojin Hwang , Jungwoo Kim , Sanghyeon Lee , Hongbeen Kim , Jaehyuk Huh

Large language model (LLM)-powered multi-agent systems (MAS) demonstrate remarkable collective intelligence, wherein multi-agent memory serves as a pivotal mechanism for continual adaptation. However, existing multi-agent memory designs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Muxin Fu , Xiangyuan Xue , Yafu Li , Zefeng He , Siyuan Huang , Xiaoye Qu , Yu Cheng , Yang Yang

Large Language Model (LLM) agents are increasingly used in real-world products, where personalized and context-aware user interactions are essential. A central enabler of such capabilities is the agent's long-term semantic memory system,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Zhentao Xu , Shangjin Zhang , Emir Poyraz , Yvonne Li , Ye Jin , Xie Lu , Xiaoyang Gu , Karthik Ramgopal , Praveen Kumar Bodigutla , Xiaofeng Wang