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We present a novel framework for training large language models with continuously adjustable internal representations that span the full spectrum from localist (interpretable, rule-based) to distributed (generalizable, efficient) encodings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Joachim Diederich

Social alignment in AI systems aims to ensure that these models behave according to established societal values. However, unlike humans, who derive consensus on value judgments through social interaction, current language models (LMs) are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Ruibo Liu , Ruixin Yang , Chenyan Jia , Ge Zhang , Denny Zhou , Andrew M. Dai , Diyi Yang , Soroush Vosoughi

This tutorial on adaptation of LLMs is designed to address the growing demand for models that go beyond the static capabilities of generic LLMs by providing an overview of dynamic, domain-specific, and task-adaptive LLM adaptation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Zixuan Ke , Yifei Ming , Shafiq Joty

With rapid advances in code generation, reasoning, and problem-solving, Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied in robotics. Most existing work focuses on high-level tasks such as task decomposition. A few studies have…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Zhongchao Zhou , Yuxi Lu , Yaonan Zhu , Yifan Zhao , Bin He , Liang He , Wenwen Yu , Yusuke Iwasawa

Recent advances in NLP are brought by a range of large-scale pretrained language models (PLMs). These PLMs have brought significant performance gains for a range of NLP tasks, circumventing the need to customize complex designs for specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Xu Guo , Han Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are versatile, yet they often falter in tasks requiring deep and reliable reasoning due to issues like hallucinations, limiting their applicability in critical scenarios. This paper introduces a rigorously…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Saizhuo Wang , Zhihan Liu , Zhaoran Wang , Jian Guo

Large Language Models (LLMs) are important tools for reasoning and problem-solving, while they often operate passively, answering questions without actively discovering new ones. This limitation reduces their ability to simulate human-like…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Hong Su

Ensuring that Large Language Models (LLMs) align with the diverse and evolving human values across different regions and cultures remains a critical challenge in AI ethics. Current alignment approaches often yield superficial conformity…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jiahao Wang , Songkai Xue , Jinghui Li , Xiaozhen Wang

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a transformative approach for aligning and enhancing Large Language Models (LLMs), addressing critical challenges in instruction following, ethical alignment, and reasoning capabilities. This…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Saksham Sahai Srivastava , Vaneet Aggarwal

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into interactive systems opens new opportunities for adaptive user experiences, yet it also raises challenges regarding accessibility, explainability, and normative compliance. This paper…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Blessing Jerry , Lourdes Moreno , Virginia Francisco , Raquel Hervas

Large Language Models (LLMs) pre-trained on internet-scale datasets have shown impressive capabilities in code understanding, synthesis, and general purpose question-and-answering. Key to their performance is the substantial prior knowledge…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Andrea Tagliabue , Kota Kondo , Tong Zhao , Mason Peterson , Claudius T. Tewari , Jonathan P. How

The networking field is characterized by its high complexity and rapid iteration, requiring extensive expertise to accomplish network tasks, ranging from network design, configuration, diagnosis and security. The inherent complexity of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-30 Chang Liu , Xiaohui Xie , Xinggong Zhang , Yong Cui

As large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in enterprise settings, controlling model behavior based on user roles becomes an essential requirement. Existing safety methods typically assume uniform access and focus on…

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has revolutionized numerous fields, with large language models (LLMs) and computer vision (CV) systems driving advancements in natural language understanding and visual processing,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Yunkai Dang , Kaichen Huang , Jiahao Huo , Yibo Yan , Sirui Huang , Dongrui Liu , Mengxi Gao , Jie Zhang , Chen Qian , Kun Wang , Yong Liu , Jing Shao , Hui Xiong , Xuming Hu

We have witnessed superhuman intelligence thanks to the fast development of large language models and multimodal language models. As the application of such superhuman models becomes more and more popular, a critical question arises here:…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Minlie Huang , Yingkang Wang , Shiyao Cui , Pei Ke , Jie Tang

Simulated Students offer a valuable methodological framework for evaluating pedagogical approaches and modelling diverse learner profiles, tasks which are otherwise challenging to undertake systematically in real-world settings. Recent…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Luis Marquez-Carpintero , Alberto Lopez-Sellers , Miguel Cazorla

Recent advancements in tool learning have enabled large language models (LLMs) to integrate external tools, enhancing their task performance by expanding their knowledge boundaries. However, relying on tools often introduces tradeoffs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Hongshen Xu , Zihan Wang , Zichen Zhu , Lei Pan , Xingyu Chen , Lu Chen , Kai Yu

As the application of Large Language Models (LLMs) spreads across various industries, there are increasing concerns about the potential for their misuse, especially in sensitive areas such as political discourse. Deliberately aligning LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Lisa Korver , Mohamed Mostagir , Sherief Reda

Large Language Models (LLMs) are transforming artificial intelligence, enabling autonomous agents to perform diverse tasks across various domains. These agents, proficient in human-like text comprehension and generation, have the potential…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-10 Saikat Barua