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We estimate energy spectra and fluxes at the Earth's surface of the cosmic and Galactic neutrino backgrounds produced by thermonuclear reactions in stars. The extra-galactic component is obtained by combining the most recent estimates of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Cristiano Porciani , Silvia Petroni , Giovanni Fiorentini

Interactions of cosmic ray protons, atomic nuclei, and electrons in the interstellar medium in the inner part of the Milky Way produce a $\gamma$-ray flux from the Galactic Ridge. If the $\gamma$-ray emission is dominated by proton and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-05-15 A. Albert , S. Alves , M. André , M. Ardid , S. Ardid , J. -J. Aubert , J. Aublin , B. Baret , S. Basa , Y. Becherini , B. Belhorma , M. Bendahman , F. Benfenati , V. Bertin , S. Biagi , M. Bissinger , J. Boumaaza , M. Bouta , M. C. Bouwhuis , H. Brânzaş , R. Bruijn , J. Brunner , J. Busto , B. Caiffi , D. Calvo , S. Campion , A. Capone , L. Caramete , F. Carenini , J. Carr , V. Carretero , S. Celli , L. Cerisy , M. Chabab , T. N. Chau , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , T. Chiarusi , M. Circella , J. A. B. Coelho , A. Coleiro , R. Coniglione , P. Coyle , A. Creusot , A. F. Díaz , B. De Martino , C. Distefano , I. Di Palma , A. Domi , C. Donzaud , D. Dornic , D. Drouhin , T. Eberl , T. van Eeden , D. van Eijk , S. El Hedri , N. El Khayati , A. Enzenhöfer , M. Fasano , P. Fermani , G. Ferrara , F. Filippini , L. Fusco , S. Gagliardini , J. García , C. Gatius Oliver , P. Gay , N. Geißelbrecht , H. Glotin , R. Gozzini , R. Gracia Ruiz , K. Graf , C. Guidi , L. Haegel , S. Hallmann , H. van Haren , A. J. Heijboer , Y. Hello , J. J. Hernández-Rey , J. Hößl , J. Hofestädt , F. Huang , G. Illuminati , C. W. James , B. Jisse-Jung , M. de Jong , P. de Jong , M. Kadler , O. Kalekin , U. Katz , A. Kouchner , I. Kreykenbohm , V. Kulikovskiy , R. Lahmann , M. Lamoureux , A. Lazo , D. Lefèvre , E. Leonora , G. Levi , S. Le Stum , D. Lopez-Coto , S. Loucatos , L. Maderer , J. Manczak , M. Marcelin , A. Margiotta , A. Marinelli , J. A. Martínez-Mora , P. Migliozzi , A. Moussa , R. Muller , L. Nauta , S. Navas , A. Neronov , E. Nezri , B. Ó Fearraigh , A. Păun , G. E. Păvălaş , M. Perrin-Terrin , V. Pestel , P. Piattelli , C. Poirè , V. Popa , T. Pradier , N. Randazzo , D. Real , S. Reck , G. Riccobene , A. Romanov , A. Sánchez-Losa , A. Saina , F. Salesa Greus , D. F. E. Samtleben , M. Sanguineti , P. Sapienza , D. Savchenko , J. Schnabel , J. Schumann , F. Schüssler , J. Seneca , M. Spurio , Th. Stolarczyk , M. Taiuti , Y. Tayalati , S. J. Tingay , B. Vallage , G. Vannoye , V. Van Elewyck , S. Viola , D. Vivolo , J. Wilms , S. Zavatarelli , A. Zegarelli , J. D. Zornoza , J. Zúñiga

IceCube collaboration reported the first high-significance observation of the neutrino emission from the Galactic disk. The observed signal can be due to diffuse emission produced by cosmic rays interacting with interstellar gas but can…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-25 Vittoria Vecchiotti , Francesco L. Villante , Giulia Pagliaroli

The flux of very high-energy neutrinos produced in our Galaxy by the interaction of accelerated cosmic rays with the interstellar medium is not yet determined. The characterization of this flux will shed light on Galactic accelerator…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-20 A. Albert , M. André , M. Anghinolfi , G. Anton , M. Ardid , J. -J. Aubert , T. Avgitas , B. Baret , J. Barrios-Martí , S. Basa , B. Belhorma , V. Bertin , S. Biagi , R. Bormuth , S. Bourret , M. C. Bouwhuis , R. Bruijn , J. Brunner , J. Busto , A. Capone , L. Caramete , J. Carr , S. Celli , R. Cherkaoui El Moursli , T. Chiarusi , M. Circella , J. A. B. Coelho , A. Coleiro , R. Coniglione , H. Costantini , P. Coyle , A. Creusot , A. F. Díaz , A. Deschamps , G. De Bonis , C. Distefano , I. Di Palma , A. Domi , C. Donzaud , D. Dornic , D. Drouhin , T. Eberl , I. El Bojaddaini , N. El Khayati , D. Elsässer , A. Enzenhöfer , A. Ettahiri , F. Fassi , I. Felis , L. A. Fusco , S. Galatà , P. Gay , V. Giordano , H. Glotin , T. Grégoire , R. Gracia Ruiz , K. Graf , S. Hallmann , H. van Haren , A. J. Heijboer , Y. Hello , J. J. Hernández-Rey , J. Hößl , J. Hofestädt , C. Hugon , G. Illuminati , C. W. James , M. de Jong , M. Jongen , M. Kadler , O. Kalekin , U. Katz , D. Kießling , A. Kouchner , M. Kreter , I. Kreykenbohm , V. Kulikovskiy , C. Lachaud , R. Lahmann , D. Lefèvre , E. Leonora , M. Lotze , S. Loucatos , M. Marcelin , A. Margiotta , A. Marinelli , J. A. Martínez-Mora , R. Mele , K. Melis , T. Michael , P. Migliozzi , A. Moussa , S. Navas , E. Nezri , M. Organokov , G. E. Păvălaş , C. Pellegrino , C. Perrina , P. Piattelli , V. Popa , T. Pradier , L. Quinn , C. Racca , G. Riccobene , A. Sánchez-Losa , M. Saldaña , I. Salvadori , D. F. E. Samtleben , M. Sanguineti , P. Sapienza , F. Schüssler , C. Sieger , M. Spurio , Th. Stolarczyk , M. Taiuti , Y. Tayalati , A. Trovato , D. Turpin , C. Tönnis , B. Vallage , V. Van Elewyck , F. Versari , D. Vivolo , A. Vizzoca , J. Wilms , J. D. Zornoza , J. Zúñiga , D. Gaggero , D. Grasso

Astrophysical sources of neutrinos detected by large-scale neutrino telescopes remain uncertain. While there exist statistically significant observational indications that a part of the neutrino flux is produced by blazars, numerous…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-11-30 Y. Y. Kovalev , A. V. Plavin , S. V. Troitsky

We study the contribution of Galactic sources to the flux of astrophysical neutrinos recently observed by the IceCube Collaboration. We show that in the simplest model of homogeneous and isotropic cosmic ray diffusion in the Milky Way the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-02-05 Markus Ahlers , Yang Bai , Vernon Barger , Ran Lu

Gamma-ray emission from the plane of the Milky Way is understood as partly originating from the interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium. The same interaction is expected to produce a corresponding flux of neutrinos. In 2023,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-14 Ludwig Neste , Mirco Hünnefeld , Chad Finley

Diffuse emission in gamma-rays and neutrinos are produced by the interaction of cosmic rays with the interstellar medium. Below some hundreds of TeV, the sources of these cosmic rays are most likely Galactic. Hence, observations of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-25 Anton Stall , Philipp Mertsch

Galactic and extragalactic objects in the universe are sources of high-energy neutrinos {that may contribute to the astrophysical neutrino signal seen by IceCube.} Recently, a study done using cascade-like events seen by IceCube reported…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-05-02 Abhishek Desai , Justin Vandenbroucke , Samalka Anandagoda , Jessie Thwaites , M. J. Romfoe

The recent progress made in Galactic gamma-ray astronomy using the High Energy Stereoskopic System (H.E.S.S.) instrument provides for the first time a population of Galactic TeV gamma-rays, and hence potential neutrino sources, for which…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-02-11 Alexander Kappes , Jim Hinton , Christian Stegmann , Felix A. Aharonian

We set an upper limit for the total TeV neutrino flux expected from the disk of our Galaxy in the region $|l|<30^{\circ}$ and $|b|<2^{\circ}$ probed by the ANTARES experiment. We include both the diffuse emission, due to the interaction of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-09-18 Vittoria Vecchiotti , Francesco L. Villante , Giulia Pagliaroli

In nuclei of starburst galaxies, the combination of an enhanced rate of supernova explosions and a high gas density suggests that cosmic rays can be efficiently produced, and that most of them lose their energy before escaping these…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-03-26 Enrico Peretti , Pasquale Blasi , Felix Aharonian , Giovanni Morlino , Pierre Cristofari

Recently, the MILAGRO collaboration reported on the detection of a diffuse multi-TeV emission from a region of the Galactic disk close to the inner Galaxy. The emission is in excess of what is predicted by conventional models for cosmic ray…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-30 S. Gabici , A. M. Taylor , R. J. White , S. Casanova , F. A. Aharonian

The recent IceCube detection of significant neutrino flux from the inner Galactic plane has provided us valuable insights on the spectrum of cosmic rays in our Galaxy. This flux can be produced either by a population of Galactic point…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-04 Abhijit Roy , Jagdish C. Joshi , Martina Cardillo , Prantik Sarmah , Ritabrata Sarkar , Sovan Chakraborty

The diffuse Galactic gamma-ray flux between 0.1 and 1 PeV has recently been measured by the Tibet AS$\gamma$ Collaboration. The flux and spectrum are consistent with the decay of neutral pions from hadronuclear interactions between Galactic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-10-01 Ke Fang , Kohta Murase

The diffuse Galactic $\gamma$-ray emission originates from the interactions between cosmic rays and the interstellar medium or radiation fields within our Galaxy, where the production of neutrinos is also anticipated. Recently, the Large…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-01-28 Wenlian Li , Tian-Qi Huang , Donglian Xu , Huihai He

The Galactic diffuse gamma-ray emission is conventionally modeled as the product of cosmic-ray interactions with the interstellar medium. However, the cumulative contribution of stellar atmospheres acting as hadronic interaction targets…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-04-14 Yanbo Wang , Zhenglong Wang , Rui Zhang , Yi Zhang

The diffuse emission of gamma-rays and neutrinos, produced by interactions of cosmic rays with interstellar matter in the Milky Way, provides valuable insights into cosmic ray propagation and Galactic processes. Emission models…

The origins of high-energy astrophysical neutrinos remain a mystery despite extensive searches for their sources. We present constraints from seven years of IceCube Neutrino Observatory muon data on the neutrino flux coming from the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-11-08 IceCube Collaboration , M. G. Aartsen , M. Ackermann , J. Adams , J. A. Aguilar , M. Ahlers , M. Ahrens , I. Al Samarai , D. Altmann , K. Andeen , T. Anderson , I. Ansseau , G. Anton , C. Argüelles , J. Auffenberg , S. Axani , H. Bagherpour , X. Bai , J. P. Barron , S. W. Barwick , V. Baum , R. Bay , J. J. Beatty , J. Becker Tjus , K. -H. Becker , S. BenZvi , D. Berley , E. Bernardini , D. Z. Besson , G. Binder , D. Bindig , E. Blaufuss , S. Blot , C. Bohm , M. Börner , F. Bos , D. Bose , S. Böser , O. Botner , J. Bourbeau , F. Bradascio , J. Braun , L. Brayeur , M. Brenzke , H. -P. Bretz , S. Bron , A. Burgman , T. Carver , J. Casey , M. Casier , E. Cheung , D. Chirkin , A. Christov , K. Clark , L. Classen , S. Coenders , G. H. Collin , J. M. Conrad , D. F. Cowen , R. Cross , M. Day , J. P. A. M. de André , C. De Clercq , J. J. DeLaunay , H. Dembinski , S. De Ridder , P. Desiati , K. D. de Vries , G. de Wasseige , M. de With , T. DeYoung , J. C. Díaz-Vélez , V. di Lorenzo , H. Dujmovic , J. P. Dumm , M. Dunkman , B. Eberhardt , T. Ehrhardt , B. Eichmann , P. Eller , P. A. Evenson , S. Fahey , A. R. Fazely , J. Felde , K. Filimonov , C. Finley , S. Flis , A. Franckowiak , E. Friedman , T. Fuchs , T. K. Gaisser , J. Gallagher , L. Gerhardt , K. Ghorbani , W. Giang , T. Glauch , T. Glüsenkamp , A. Goldschmidt , J. G. Gonzalez , D. Grant , Z. Griffith , C. Haack , A. Hallgren , F. Halzen , K. Hanson , D. Hebecker , D. Heereman , K. Helbing , R. Hellauer , S. Hickford , J. Hignight , G. C. Hill , K. D. Hoffman , R. Hoffmann , B. Hokanson-Fasig , K. Hoshina , F. Huang , M. Huber , K. Hultqvist , S. In , A. Ishihara , E. Jacobi , G. S. Japaridze , M. Jeong , K. Jero , B. J. P. Jones , P. Kalacynski , W. Kang , A. Kappes , T. Karg , A. Karle , U. Katz , M. Kauer , A. Keivani , J. L. Kelley , A. Kheirandish , J. Kim , M. Kim , T. Kintscher , J. Kiryluk , T. Kittler , S. R. Klein , G. Kohnen , R. Koirala , H. Kolanoski , L. Köpke , C. Kopper , S. Kopper , J. P. Koschinsky , D. J. Koskinen , M. Kowalski , K. Krings , M. Kroll , G. Krückl , J. Kunnen , S. Kunwar , N. Kurahashi , T. Kuwabara , A. Kyriacou , M. Labare , J. L. Lanfranchi , M. J. Larson , F. Lauber , D. Lennarz , M. Lesiak-Bzdak , M. Leuermann , Q. R. Liu , L. Lu , J. Lünemann , W. Luszczak , J. Madsen , G. Maggi , K. B. M. Mahn , S. Mancina , R. Maruyama , K. Mase , R. Maunu , F. McNally , K. Meagher , M. Medici , M. Meier , T. Menne , G. Merino , T. Meures , S. Miarecki , J. Micallef , G. Momenté , T. Montaruli , R. W. Moore , M. Moulai , R. Nahnhauer , P. Nakarmi , U. Naumann , G. Neer , H. Niederhausen , S. C. Nowicki , D. R. Nygren , A. Obertacke Pollmann , A. Olivas , A. O'Murchadha , T. Palczewski , H. Pandya , D. V. Pankova , P. Peiffer , J. A. Pepper , C. Pérez de los Heros , D. Pieloth , E. Pinat , M. Plum , P. B. Price , G. T. Przybylski , C. Raab , L. Rädel , M. Rameez , K. Rawlins , R. Reimann , B. Relethford , M. Relich , E. Resconi , W. Rhode , M. Richman , S. Robertson , M. Rongen , C. Rott , T. Ruhe , D. Ryckbosch , D. Rysewyk , T. Sälzer , S. E. Sanchez Herrera , A. Sandrock , J. Sandroos , S. Sarkar , S. Sarkar , K. Satalecka , P. Schlunder , T. Schmidt , A. Schneider , S. Schoenen , S. Schöneberg , L. Schumacher , D. Seckel , S. Seunarine , D. Soldin , M. Song , G. M. Spiczak , C. Spiering , J. Stachurska , T. Stanev , A. Stasik , J. Stettner , A. Steuer , T. Stezelberger , R. G. Stokstad , A. Stößl , N. L. Strotjohann , G. W. Sullivan , M. Sutherland , I. Taboada , J. Tatar , F. Tenholt , S. Ter-Antonyan , A. Terliuk , G. Tešić , S. Tilav , P. A. Toale , M. N. Tobin , S. Toscano , D. Tosi , M. Tselengidou , C. F. Tung , A. Turcati , C. F. Turley , B. Ty , E. Unger , M. Usner , J. Vandenbroucke , W. Van Driessche , N. van Eijndhoven , S. Vanheule , J. van Santen , M. Vehring , E. Vogel , M. Vraeghe , C. Walck , A. Wallace , M. Wallraff , F. D. Wandler , N. Wandkowsky , A. Waza , C. Weaver , M. J. Weiss , C. Wendt , S. Westerhoff , B. J. Whelan , S. Wickmann , K. Wiebe , C. H. Wiebusch , L. Wille , D. R. Williams , L. Wills , M. Wolf , J. Wood , T. R. Wood , E. Woolsey , K. Woschnagg , D. L. Xu , X. W. Xu , Y. Xu , J. P. Yanez , G. Yodh , S. Yoshida , T. Yuan , M. Zoll

In this paper, we present high-energy neutrino spectra from 21 Galactic supernova remnants (SNRs), derived from gamma-ray measurements in the GeV-TeV range. We find that only the strongest sources, i.e. G40.5-0.5 in the north and Vela…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-12 Matthias Mandelartz , Julia Becker Tjus
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