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Recently proposed evaluation benchmarks aim to characterize the effective context length and the forgetting tendencies of large language models (LLMs). However, these benchmarks often rely on simplistic 'needle in a haystack' retrieval or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Raquib Bin Yousuf , Aadyant Khatri , Shengzhe Xu , Mandar Sharma , Naren Ramakrishnan

Large language models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance on a wide range of tasks. However, recent studies have shown that LLMs can memorize training data and simple repeated tokens can trick the model to leak the data. In this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Yang Bai , Ge Pei , Jindong Gu , Yong Yang , Xingjun Ma

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pretrained on textual data up to a specific temporal cutoff. This creates a strict knowledge boundary beyond which models cannot provide accurate information without querying external sources. More subtly,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Piotr Pęzik , Konrad Kaczyński , Maria Szymańska , Filip Żarnecki , Zuzanna Deckert , Jakub Kwiatkowski , Wojciech Janowski

Language model (LM) benchmarking faces several challenges: comprehensive evaluations are costly, benchmarks often fail to measure the intended capabilities, and evaluation quality can degrade due to labeling errors and benchmark saturation.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Valentin Hofmann , David Heineman , Ian Magnusson , Kyle Lo , Jesse Dodge , Maarten Sap , Pang Wei Koh , Chun Wang , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Noah A. Smith

Our paper argues that the majority of theory of mind benchmarks are broken because of their inability to directly test how large language models (LLMs) adapt to new partners. This problem stems from the fact that theory of mind benchmarks…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Matthew Riemer , Zahra Ashktorab , Djallel Bouneffouf , Payel Das , Miao Liu , Justin D. Weisz , Murray Campbell

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is widely used to augment large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge. However, many benchmark datasets, designed to test RAG performance, comprise many questions that can already be answered…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Jiayi Liu , Jiaxing Zhang , Bowen Jin , Jennifer Neville

This survey addresses the crucial issue of factuality in Large Language Models (LLMs). As LLMs find applications across diverse domains, the reliability and accuracy of their outputs become vital. We define the Factuality Issue as the…

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly being used in privacy pipelines to detect and remedy sensitive data leakage. These solutions often rely on the premise that LLMs can reliably recognize human names, one of the most important…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Dzung Pham , Peter Kairouz , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Eugene Bagdasarian , Chau Minh Pham , Amir Houmansadr

As large language models (LLMs) become progressively more embedded in clinical decision-support, documentation, and patient-information systems, ensuring their privacy and trustworthiness has emerged as an imperative challenge for the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Alexander Nemecek , Zebin Yun , Zahra Rahmani , Yaniv Harel , Vipin Chaudhary , Mahmood Sharif , Erman Ayday

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed in sensitive domains including healthcare, legal services, and confidential communications, where privacy is paramount. This paper introduces Whisper Leak, a side-channel attack that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Geoff McDonald , Jonathan Bar Or

The paper underscores the significance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in reshaping recommender systems, attributing their value to unique reasoning abilities absent in traditional recommenders. Unlike conventional systems lacking direct…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Arpita Vats , Vinija Jain , Rahul Raja , Aman Chadha

Large Language Models (LLMs) enable a new ecosystem with many downstream applications, called LLM applications, with different natural language processing tasks. The functionality and performance of an LLM application highly depend on its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Bo Hui , Haolin Yuan , Neil Gong , Philippe Burlina , Yinzhi Cao

The rapid development of language models (LMs) brings unprecedented accessibility and usage for both models and users. On the one hand, powerful LMs achieve state-of-the-art performance over numerous downstream NLP tasks. On the other hand,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Haoran Li , Dadi Guo , Donghao Li , Wei Fan , Qi Hu , Xin Liu , Chunkit Chan , Duanyi Yao , Yuan Yao , Yangqiu Song

With the rapid development of online services, recommender systems (RS) have become increasingly indispensable for mitigating information overload. Despite remarkable progress, conventional recommendation models (CRM) still have some…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Jianghao Lin , Xinyi Dai , Yunjia Xi , Weiwen Liu , Bo Chen , Hao Zhang , Yong Liu , Chuhan Wu , Xiangyang Li , Chenxu Zhu , Huifeng Guo , Yong Yu , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang

Machine learning (ML) provides powerful tools for predictive modeling. ML's popularity stems from the promise of sample-level prediction with applications across a variety of fields from physics and marketing to healthcare. However, if not…

In the era of information overload, recommendation systems play a pivotal role in filtering data and delivering personalized content. Recent advancements in feature interaction and user behavior modeling have significantly enhanced the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hao Wang , Wei Guo , Luankang Zhang , Jin Yao Chin , Yufei Ye , Huifeng Guo , Yong Liu , Defu Lian , Ruiming Tang , Enhong Chen

Machine-translated benchmarks are widely used to assess the multilingual capabilities of large language models (LLMs), yet translation errors in these benchmarks remain underexplored, raising concerns about the reliability and comparability…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Klaudia-Doris Thellmann , Bernhard Stadler , Michael Färber , Jens Lehmann

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded into recommender systems, where they operate across multiple functional roles such as data augmentation, profiling, and decision making. While prior work emphasizes recommendation…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Donguk Park , Dongwon Lee , Yeon-Chang Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are now integral to numerous industries, increasingly serving as the core reasoning engine for autonomous agents that perform complex tasks through tool-use. While the development of Arabic-native LLMs is…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Konstantin Kubrak , Ahmed El-Moselhy , Ammar Alsulami , Remaz Altuwaim , Hassan Ismail Fawaz , Faisal Alsaby

The utility of Large Language Models (LLMs) in analytical tasks is rooted in their vast pre-trained knowledge, which allows them to interpret ambiguous inputs and infer missing information. However, this same capability introduces a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Humam Kourani , Anton Antonov , Alessandro Berti , Wil M. P. van der Aalst