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One approach to explaining the hierarchical levels of understanding within a machine learning model is the symbolic method of inductive logic programming (ILP), which is data efficient and capable of learning first-order logic rules that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-01 Andreas Bueff , Vaishak Belle

Learning rules plays a crucial role in deep learning, particularly in explainable artificial intelligence and enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models. While existing rule learning methods are primarily designed for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Kun Gao , Davide Soldà , Thomas Eiter , Katsumi Inoue

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) systems learn generalised, interpretable rules in a data-efficient manner utilising existing background knowledge. However, current ILP systems require training examples to be specified in a structured…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-28 Daniel Cunnington , Alessandra Russo , Mark Law , Jorge Lobo , Lance Kaplan

We propose a novel paradigm for solving Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) problems via deep recurrent neural networks. This proposed ILP solver is designed based on differentiable implementation of the deduction via forward chaining. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Ali Payani , Faramarz Fekri

Rule-based decision models are attractive due to their interpretability. However, existing rule induction methods often result in long and consequently less interpretable rule models. This problem can often be attributed to the lack of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-07-29 Remy Kusters , Yusik Kim , Marine Collery , Christian de Sainte Marie , Shubham Gupta

Recently deep reinforcement learning has achieved tremendous success in wide ranges of applications. However, it notoriously lacks data-efficiency and interpretability. Data-efficiency is important as interacting with the environment is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-23 Duo Xu , Faramarz Fekri

Differentiable inductive logic programming (ILP) techniques have proven effective at finding approximate rule-based solutions to link prediction and node classification problems on knowledge graphs; however, the common assumption of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Blair Johnson , Clayton Kerce , Faramarz Fekri

Artificial Neural Networks are powerful function approximators capable of modelling solutions to a wide variety of problems, both supervised and unsupervised. As their size and expressivity increases, so too does the variance of the model,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2018-01-26 Richard Evans , Edward Grefenstette

Large language models (LLMs) have shown incredible performance in completing various real-world tasks. The current paradigm of knowledge learning for LLMs is mainly based on learning from examples, in which LLMs learn the internal rule…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Wenkai Yang , Yankai Lin , Jie Zhou , Ji-Rong Wen

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) aims to learn interpretable first-order rules from data, but existing symbolic and neuro-symbolic approaches struggle to scale to noisy and probabilistic settings. Classical ILP relies on discrete…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Iman Sharifi , Peng Wei , Saber Fallah

Relational Reinforcement Learning (RRL) can offers various desirable features. Most importantly, it allows for incorporating expert knowledge into the learning, and hence leading to much faster learning and better generalization compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Ali Payani , Faramarz Fekri

Learning first-order logic programs (LPs) from relational facts which yields intuitive insights into the data is a challenging topic in neuro-symbolic research. We introduce a novel differentiable inductive logic programming (ILP) model,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-04-29 Kun Gao , Katsumi Inoue , Yongzhi Cao , Hanpin Wang

Current trends in Machine Learning prefer explainability even when it comes at the cost of performance. Therefore, explainable AI methods are particularly important in the field of Fraud Detection. This work investigates the applicability…

Risk Management · Quantitative Finance 2024-10-30 Boris Wolfson , Erman Acar

The capability of making interpretable and self-explanatory decisions is essential for developing responsible machine learning systems. In this work, we study the learning to explain problem in the scope of inductive logic programming…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-02-20 Yuan Yang , Le Song

Current imitation learning approaches, predominantly based on deep neural networks (DNNs), offer efficient mechanisms for learning driving policies from real-world datasets. However, they suffer from inherent limitations in interpretability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Iman Sharifi , Mustafa Yildirim , Saber Fallah

Solving Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) problems with neural networks is a key challenge in Neural-Symbolic Ar- tificial Intelligence (AI). While most research has focused on designing novel network architectures for individual prob-…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Bowen He , Xiaoan Xu , Alper Kamil Bozkurt , Vahid Tarokh , Juncheng Dong

Rule-based models, e.g., decision trees, are widely used in scenarios demanding high model interpretability for their transparent inner structures and good model expressivity. However, rule-based models are hard to optimize, especially on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-31 Zhuo Wang , Wei Zhang , Ning Liu , Jianyong Wang

Despite recent advances in modern machine learning algorithms, the opaqueness of their underlying mechanisms continues to be an obstacle in adoption. To instill confidence and trust in artificial intelligence systems, Explainable Artificial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Zheng Zhang , Liangliang Xu , Levent Yilmaz , Bo Liu

Learning from Demonstration~(LfD) should capture not only how a task is executed, but also its high-level task structure that explains the demonstrated behavior. As robots become more autonomous, such task representations must be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Oleh Borys , Karla Stepanova

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) learns interpretable logical rules from data. Existing methods are transductive: their learned parameters are bound to specific predicates and require retraining for each new task. We introduce Neural Rule…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Yin Jun Phua
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