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Recently, enhancing the numerical and logical reasoning capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) has emerged as a research hotspot. Existing methods face several limitations: inference-phase techniques (e.g., Chain of Thoughts) rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-20 Hao Yi , Qingyang Li , Yulan Hu , Fuzheng Zhang , Di Zhang , Yong Liu

Natural language understanding (NLU) using neural network pipelines often requires additional context that is not solely present in the input data. Through Prior research, it has been evident that NLU benchmarks are susceptible to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Yuxin Zi , Hariram Veeramani , Kaushik Roy , Amit Sheth

Despite the remarkable performance of Large Language Models (LLMs), they remain vulnerable to jailbreak attacks, which can compromise their safety mechanisms. Existing studies often rely on brute-force optimization or manual design, failing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-30 Haoming Yang , Ke Ma , Xiaojun Jia , Yingfei Sun , Qianqian Xu , Qingming Huang

ReAct-style agents for search-intensive, multi-step reasoning tasks rely largely on their own internal judgment to decide what evidence to seek, which reasoning or action step to take next, and when to stop, often producing shallow,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Jiazheng Kang , Bowen Zhang , Zixin Song , Jiangwang Chen , Xiao Yang , Da Zhu , Guanjun Jiang

Techniques for reliable rubric-based LLM evaluation -- ensemble judging, bias mitigation, few-shot calibration -- are scattered across papers with inconsistent terminology and partial implementations. We introduce Autorubric, an open-source…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Delip Rao , Chris Callison-Burch

Preference optimization methods have been successfully applied to improve not only the alignment of large language models (LLMs) with human values, but also specific natural language tasks such as summarization and stylistic continuations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Salem Lahlou , Abdalgader Abubaker , Hakim Hacid

In this study, we introduce RePD, an innovative attack Retrieval-based Prompt Decomposition framework designed to mitigate the risk of jailbreak attacks on large language models (LLMs). Despite rigorous pretraining and finetuning focused on…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Peiran Wang , Xiaogeng Liu , Chaowei Xiao

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as raters for evaluation tasks. However, their reliability is often limited for subjective tasks, when human judgments involve subtle reasoning beyond annotation labels. Thinking traces,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Xingjian Zhang , Tianhong Gao , Suliang Jin , Tianhao Wang , Teng Ye , Eytan Adar , Qiaozhu Mei

Designing aligned and robust rewards for open-ended generation remains a key barrier to RL post-training. Rubrics provide structured, interpretable supervision, but scaling rubric construction is difficult: expert rubrics are costly,…

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs), evolved from standard Large Language Models (LLMs), are increasingly utilized as automated judges because of their explicit reasoning processes. Yet we show that both LRMs and standard LLMs are vulnerable to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Qian Wang , Zhenheng Tang , Zhanzhi Lou , Nuo Chen , Wenxuan Wang , Bingsheng He

Auditing Large Language Models (LLMs) to discover their biases and preferences is an emerging challenge in creating Responsible Artificial Intelligence (AI). While various methods have been proposed to elicit the preferences of such models,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Leif Azzopardi , Yashar Moshfeghi

Recent state-of-the-art recommender systems predominantly rely on either implicit or explicit feedback from users to suggest new items. While effective in recommending novel options, many recommender systems often use uninterpretable…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Jerome Ramos , Hossen A. Rahmani , Xi Wang , Xiao Fu , Aldo Lipani

Large language models have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in long and complex reasoning tasks. However, they frequently exhibit a problematic reliance on familiar reasoning patterns, a phenomenon we term \textit{reasoning rigidity}.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Doohyuk Jang , Yoonjeon Kim , Chanjae Park , Hyun Ryu , Eunho Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in applications where the model selects from competing third-party content, such as in LLM-powered search engines or chatbot plugins. In this paper, we introduce Preference Manipulation…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-03 Fredrik Nestaas , Edoardo Debenedetti , Florian Tramèr

Instruction tuning has emerged as a paramount method for tailoring the behaviors of LLMs. Recent work has unveiled the potential for LLMs to achieve high performance through fine-tuning with a limited quantity of high-quality instruction…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Qiang Wang , Dawei Feng , Xu Zhang , Ao Shen , Yang Xu , Bo Ding , Huaimin Wang

The integration of large language models with external content has enabled applications such as Microsoft Copilot but also introduced vulnerabilities to indirect prompt injection attacks. In these attacks, malicious instructions embedded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Jingwei Yi , Yueqi Xie , Bin Zhu , Emre Kiciman , Guangzhong Sun , Xing Xie , Fangzhao Wu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have rapidly advanced from perception tasks to complex multi-step reasoning, yet reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) often leads to spurious reasoning since only the final-answer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Mengzhao Jia , Zhihan Zhang , Ignacio Cases , Zheyuan Liu , Meng Jiang , Peng Qi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly expected to handle complex decision-making tasks, yet their ability to perform structured resource allocation remains underexplored. Evaluating their reasoning is also difficult due to data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sankarshan Damle , Boi Faltings

Large language models (LLMs) can generate persuasive narratives at scale, raising concerns about their potential use in disinformation campaigns. Assessing this risk ultimately requires understanding how readers receive such content. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Zonghuan Xu , Xiang Zheng , Yutao Wu , Xingjun Ma

LLM-judged benchmarks are increasingly used to evaluate complex model behaviors, yet their design introduces failure modes absent in conventional ground-truth based benchmarks. We argue that without tight objectives and verifiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Benjamin Feuer , Chiung-Yi Tseng , Astitwa Sarthak Lathe , Oussama Elachqar , John P Dickerson
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