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Open agentic systems combine LLM-based planning with external capabilities, persistent memory, and privileged execution. They are used in coding assistants, browser copilots, and enterprise automation. OpenClaw is a visible instance of this…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shiping Chen , Qin Wang , Guangsheng Yu , Xu Wang , Liming Zhu

Students' mental well-being is vital for academic success, with activities such as studying, socializing, and sleeping playing a role. Current mobile sensing data highlight this intricate link using statistical and machine learning…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Wayupuk Sommuang , Kun Kerdthaisong , Pasin Buakhaw , Aslan B. Wong , Nutchanon Yongsatianchot

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have led to the creation of intelligent agents capable of performing complex tasks. This paper introduces a novel LLM-based multimodal agent framework designed to operate smartphone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Chi Zhang , Zhao Yang , Jiaxuan Liu , Yucheng Han , Xin Chen , Zebiao Huang , Bin Fu , Gang Yu

As NLP evaluation shifts from static benchmarks to multi-turn interactive settings, LLM-based simulators have become widely used as user proxies, serving two roles: generating user turns and providing evaluation signals. Yet, these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Xuhui Zhou , Weiwei Sun , Qianou Ma , Yiqing Xie , Jiarui Liu , Weihua Du , Sean Welleck , Yiming Yang , Graham Neubig , Sherry Tongshuang Wu , Maarten Sap

Recently, there has been an emergence of employing LLM-powered agents as believable human proxies, based on their remarkable decision-making capability. However, existing studies mainly focus on simulating human dialogue. Human non-verbal…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Junjie Zhang , Yupeng Hou , Ruobing Xie , Wenqi Sun , Julian McAuley , Wayne Xin Zhao , Leyu Lin , Ji-Rong Wen

Large language models (LLMs) and LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed as assistants in planning and decision making, yet most existing systems are implicitly optimized for a single-principal interaction paradigm, in which the model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Shu Yang , Shenzhe Zhu , Hao Zhu , José Ramón Enríquez , Di Wang , Alex Pentland , Michiel A. Bakker , Jiaxin Pei

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have recently achieved better generalization and sample efficiency in autonomous web automation. However, the performance on real-world websites has still suffered from (1) open domainness, (2)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Izzeddin Gur , Hiroki Furuta , Austin Huang , Mustafa Safdari , Yutaka Matsuo , Douglas Eck , Aleksandra Faust

A long-standing vision of computing is the personal AI system: one that understands us well enough to address our underlying needs. Today's AI focuses on what users do, ignoring why they might be doing such things in the first place. As a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Dora Zhao , Michelle S. Lam , Diyi Yang , Michael S. Bernstein

As digitalization and cloud technologies evolve, the web is becoming increasingly important in the modern society. Autonomous web agents based on large language models (LLMs) hold a great potential in work automation. It is therefore…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Tianci Xue , Weijian Qi , Tianneng Shi , Chan Hee Song , Boyu Gou , Dawn Song , Huan Sun , Yu Su

Recent advancements on Large Language Models (LLMs) enable AI Agents to automatically generate and execute multi-step plans to solve complex tasks. However, since LLM's content generation process is hardly controllable, current LLM-based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-13 Zelong Li , Wenyue Hua , Hao Wang , He Zhu , Yongfeng Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have been successfully adapted for interactive decision-making tasks like web navigation. While achieving decent performance, previous methods implicitly assume a forward-only execution mode for the model, where…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-22 Kaixin Ma , Hongming Zhang , Hongwei Wang , Xiaoman Pan , Wenhao Yu , Dong Yu

Intelligent agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities and gained increasing popularity on social media platforms. While LLM agents are reshaping the ecology of social media, there…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Dizhan Xue , Jing Cui , Shengsheng Qian , Chuanrui Hu , Changsheng Xu

Autonomous web agents powered by large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in completing complex browser tasks, yet they still struggle with long-horizon workflows. A key bottleneck is the grounding gap in existing skill formulations:…

Agency, the capacity to proactively shape events, is central to how humans interact and collaborate. While LLMs are being developed to simulate human behavior and serve as human-like agents, little attention has been given to the Agency…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Ashish Sharma , Sudha Rao , Chris Brockett , Akanksha Malhotra , Nebojsa Jojic , Bill Dolan

Large Language Model (LLM)-based agents are increasingly employed to automate complex software engineering tasks, such as program repair and issue resolution. These agents operate by autonomously generating natural language thoughts,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Islem Bouzenia , Michael Pradel

LLM-based agents are increasingly deployed to autonomously solve complex tasks, raising urgent needs for IP protection and regulatory provenance. While content watermarking effectively attributes LLM-generated outputs, it fails to directly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Kaibo Huang , Jin Tan , Yukun Wei , Wanling Li , Zipei Zhang , Hui Tian , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as agents that orchestrate tasks and integrate external tools to execute complex workflows. We demonstrate that these interactive behaviors leave distinctive fingerprints in encrypted…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yixiang Zhang , Xinhao Deng , Zhongyi Gu , Yihao Chen , Ke Xu , Qi Li , Jianping Wu

As LLM agents transition from short, static problem solving to executing complex, long-horizon tasks in dynamic environments, the ability to handle user interruptions, such as adding requirement or revising goals, during mid-task execution…

Skim is a speculative execution framework for web agents that exploits the predictable structure of purpose-built websites. Today's web-agent expense is not intrinsic to the tasks but a property of how agents are composed: frontier-model…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Mike Wong , Kevin Hsieh , Suman Nath , Ravi Netravali

This paper presents our research towards a near-term future in which legal entities, such as individuals and organisations can entrust semi-autonomous AI-driven agents to carry out online interactions on their behalf. The author's research…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-09-10 Jesse Wright