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This paper introduces an efficient and robust method for discovering interpretable circuits in large language models using discrete sparse autoencoders. Our approach addresses key limitations of existing techniques, namely computational…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-22 Charles O'Neill , Thang Bui

Circuit discovery, which involves identifying sparse and task-relevant subnetworks in pre-trained language models, is a cornerstone of mechanistic interpretability. Automated Circuit Discovery (ACDC) has emerged as a pivotal methodology in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Xinhai Wang , Shu Yang , Liangyu Wang , Lin Zhang , Huanyi Xie , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Recent work in mechanistic interpretability has shown that behaviors in language models can be successfully reverse-engineered through circuit analysis. A common criticism, however, is that each circuit is task-specific, and thus such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Jack Merullo , Carsten Eickhoff , Ellie Pavlick

Mechanistic interpretability aims to reverse-engineer large language models (LLMs) into human-understandable computational circuits. However, the complexity of pretrained models often obscures the minimal mechanisms required for specific…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Rabin Adhikari

Mechanistic interpretability aims to understand neural networks by identifying which learned features mediate specific behaviors. Attribution graphs reveal these feature pathways, but interpreting them requires extensive manual analysis --…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Giuseppe Birardi

Mechanistic interpretability aims to understand the inner workings of large neural networks by identifying circuits, or minimal subgraphs within the model that implement algorithms responsible for performing specific tasks. These circuits…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Jatin Nainani , Sankaran Vaidyanathan , AJ Yeung , Kartik Gupta , David Jensen

Mechanistic interpretability identifies internal circuits responsible for model behaviors, yet translating these findings into human-understandable explanations remains an open problem. We present a pipeline that bridges circuit-level…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Ajay Pravin Mahale

Attention mechanisms form a core component of several successful deep learning architectures, and are based on one key idea: ''The output depends only on a small (but unknown) segment of the input.'' In several practical applications like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Lakshmi Narayan Pandey , Rahul Vashisht , Harish G. Ramaswamy

In-context Learning (ICL) is an emerging few-shot learning paradigm on Language Models (LMs) with inner mechanisms un-explored. There are already existing works describing the inner processing of ICL, while they struggle to capture all the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hakaze Cho , Mariko Kato , Yoshihiro Sakai , Naoya Inoue

Large language models are increasingly used to process documents and facilitate question-answering on them. In our paper, we extract mechanistic circuits for this real-world language modeling task: context-augmented language modeling for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Samyadeep Basu , Vlad Morariu , Zichao Wang , Ryan Rossi , Cherry Zhao , Soheil Feizi , Varun Manjunatha

Transformer-based language models have achieved significant success; however, their internal mechanisms remain largely opaque due to the complexity of non-linear interactions and high-dimensional operations. While previous studies have…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Lin Zhang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Neural IR architectures, particularly cross-encoders, are highly effective models whose internal mechanisms are mostly unknown. Most works trying to explain their behavior focused on high-level processes (e.g., what in the input influences…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Mathias Vast , Basile Van Cooten , Laure Soulier , Benjamin Piwowarski

Explaining why a language model produces a particular output requires local, input-level explanations. Existing methods uncover global capability circuits (e.g., indirect object identification), but not why the model answers a specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Tung-Yu Wu , Fazl Barez

A widely used strategy to discover and understand language model mechanisms is circuit analysis. A circuit is a minimal subgraph of a model's computation graph that executes a specific task. We identify a gap in existing circuit discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Tal Haklay , Hadas Orgad , David Bau , Aaron Mueller , Yonatan Belinkov

Research in mechanistic interpretability seeks to explain behaviors of machine learning models in terms of their internal components. However, most previous work either focuses on simple behaviors in small models, or describes complicated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-02 Kevin Wang , Alexandre Variengien , Arthur Conmy , Buck Shlegeris , Jacob Steinhardt

Acoustic-to-Word recognition provides a straightforward solution to end-to-end speech recognition without needing external decoding, language model re-scoring or lexicon. While character-based models offer a natural solution to the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-08-22 Shruti Palaskar , Florian Metze

Through considerable effort and intuition, several recent works have reverse-engineered nontrivial behaviors of transformer models. This paper systematizes the mechanistic interpretability process they followed. First, researchers choose a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Arthur Conmy , Augustine N. Mavor-Parker , Aengus Lynch , Stefan Heimersheim , Adrià Garriga-Alonso

The acoustic-to-word model based on the Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC) criterion is a natural end-to-end (E2E) system directly targeting word as output unit. Two issues exist in the system: first, the current output of the CTC…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-06 Amit Das , Jinyu Li , Guoli Ye , Rui Zhao , Yifan Gong

Attention-based methods have played important roles in model interpretations, where the calculated attention weights are expected to highlight the critical parts of inputs~(e.g., keywords in sentences). However, recent research found that…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-04 Bing Bai , Jian Liang , Guanhua Zhang , Hao Li , Kun Bai , Fei Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced a rapid rise in AI, changing a wide range of applications with their advanced capabilities. As these models become increasingly integral to decision-making, the need for thorough…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Jatin Nainani
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