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Grassroots platforms are distributed systems with multiple instances that can (1) operate independently of each other and of any global resource other than the network, and (2) coalesce into ever larger instances, possibly resulting in a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Ehud Shapiro

Graph-structured information offers rich contextual information that can enhance language models by providing structured relationships and hierarchies, leading to more expressive embeddings for various applications such as retrieval,…

This paper proposes a new architecture for multi-agent systems to cover an unknowingly distributed fast, safely, and decentralizedly. The inter-agent communication is organized by a directed graph with fixed topology, and we model agent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-11 Hossein Rastgoftar

In this paper, we aim to improve the reasoning ability of large language models (LLMs) over knowledge graphs (KGs) to answer complex questions. Inspired by existing methods that design the interaction strategy between LLMs and KG, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Yang Song , Chen Zhu , Hengshu Zhu , Ji-Rong Wen

This position paper argues that the field of LLM agents requires a unified, telecom-inspired communication protocol to ensure safety, interoperability, and scalability, especially within the context of Next Generation (NextG) networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Xin Li , Mengbing Liu , Chau Yuen

Healthcare AI systems have historically faced challenges in merging contextual reasoning, long-term state management, and human-verifiable workflows into a cohesive framework. This paper introduces a completely innovative architecture and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Zag ElSayed , Craig Erickson , Ernest Pedapati

Allowing agents to share information through communication is crucial for solving complex tasks in multi-agent reinforcement learning. In this work, we consider the question of whether a given communication protocol can express an arbitrary…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-01-16 Matthew Morris , Thomas D. Barrett , Arnu Pretorius

Agent communication remains a foundational problem in multi-agent systems: protocols such as FIPA-ACL guarantee semantic richness but are intractable for constrained environments, while lightweight IoT protocols achieve efficiency at the…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Arnab Mallick , Indraveni Chebolu

Since the introduction of the Model Context Protocol (MCP), the number of available tools for Large Language Models (LLMs) has increased significantly. These task-specific tool sets offer an alternative to general-purpose tools such as web…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Reza Esfandiarpoor , Vishwas Suryanarayanan , Stephen H. Bach , Vishal Chowdhary , Anthony Aue

Natural language has long enabled human cooperation, but its lossy, ambiguous, and indirect nature limits the potential of collective intelligence. While machines are not subject to these constraints, most LLM-based multi-agent systems…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Yujia Zheng , Zhuokai Zhao , Zijian Li , Yaqi Xie , Mingze Gao , Lizhu Zhang , Kun Zhang

The use of knowledge graphs for grounding agents in real-world Q&A applications has become increasingly common. Answering complex queries often requires multi-hop reasoning and the ability to navigate vast relational structures. Standard…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Taraneh Ghandi , Hamidreza Mahyar , Shachar Klaiman

Multi-agent systems must learn to communicate and understand interactions between agents to achieve cooperative goals in partially observed tasks. However, existing approaches lack a dynamic directed communication mechanism and rely on…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-02-27 Zhuohui Zhang , Bin He , Bin Cheng , Gang Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of language tasks, yet complex multi-step reasoning remains a fundamental challenge. While Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) equipped with extended…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Guangfu Hao , Yuming Dai , Xianzhe Qin , Shan Yu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive reasoning abilities, but they still struggle with faithful reasoning due to knowledge gaps and hallucinations. To address these issues, knowledge graphs (KGs) have been utilized to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Linhao Luo , Zicheng Zhao , Gholamreza Haffari , Yuan-Fang Li , Chen Gong , Shirui Pan

Graph-based environments pose unique challenges to multi-agent reinforcement learning. In decentralized approaches, agents operate within a given graph and make decisions based on partial or outdated observations. The size of the observed…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Jannis Weil , Zhenghua Bao , Osama Abboud , Tobias Meuser

As agentic platforms scale, agents are moving beyond fixed roles and predefined toolchains, creating an urgent need for flexible and decentralized coordination. Current structured communication protocols such as direct agent-to-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-12-04 Nafiul I. Khan , Mansura Habiba , Rafflesia Khan

Large language models (LLMs) show promising performance on small-scale graph reasoning tasks but fail when handling real-world graphs with complex queries. This phenomenon arises from LLMs' working memory constraints, which result in their…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Rongzheng Wang , Shuang Liang , Qizhi Chen , Yihong Huang , Muquan Li , Yizhuo Ma , Dongyang Zhang , Ke Qin , Man-Fai Leung

Graph-theoretic problems arise in real-world applications like logistics, communication networks, and traffic optimization. These problems are often complex, noisy, and irregular, posing challenges for traditional algorithms. Large language…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zike Yuan , Ming Liu , Hui Wang , Bing Qin

In large-scale multi-agent systems, the large number of agents and complex game relationship cause great difficulty for policy learning. Therefore, simplifying the learning process is an important research issue. In many multi-agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-11-26 Yong Liu , Weixun Wang , Yujing Hu , Jianye Hao , Xingguo Chen , Yang Gao

The rapid evolution of Large Language Model (LLM)-based autonomous agents is reshaping the digital landscape toward an emerging Agentic Web, where increasingly specialized agents must collaborate to accomplish complex tasks. However,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Xiaohang Nie , Zihan Guo , Youliang Chen , Yuanjian Zhou , Weinan Zhang