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Designing effective auxiliary rewards for cooperative multi-agent systems remains challenging, as misaligned incentives can induce suboptimal coordination, particularly when sparse task rewards provide insufficient grounding for coordinated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Dogan Urgun , Gokhan Gungor

We present a framework in which a large language model (LLM) acts as an online adaptive controller for SIMP topology optimization, replacing conventional fixed-schedule continuation with real-time, state-conditioned parameter decisions. At…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Shaoliang Yang , Jun Wang , Yunsheng Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable success across diverse applications, yet their deployment remains challenging due to substantial computational costs, memory requirements, and energy consumption. Recent empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Kaito Tanaka , Masato Ito , Yuji Nishimura , Keisuke Matsuda , Aya Nakayama

Large language models (LLMs) have excelled in various applications, yet serving them at scale is challenging due to their substantial resource demands and high latency. Our real-world studies reveal that over 70% of user requests to LLMs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Yifan Yu , Yu Gan , Nikhil Sarda , Lillian Tsai , Jiaming Shen , Yanqi Zhou , Arvind Krishnamurthy , Fan Lai , Henry M. Levy , David Culler

Pervasive mobile AI applications primarily employ one of the two learning paradigms: cloud-based learning (with powerful large models) or on-device learning (with lightweight small models). Despite their own advantages, neither paradigm can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Yan Zhuang , Zhenzhe Zheng , Yunfeng Shao , Bingshuai Li , Fan Wu , Guihai Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) apply uniform computation to all tokens, despite language exhibiting highly non-uniform information density. This token-uniform regime wastes capacity on locally predictable spans while under-allocating…

Running Large Language Models (LLMs) on edge devices is crucial for reducing latency, improving real-time processing, and enhancing privacy. By performing inference directly on the device, data does not need to be sent to the cloud,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Tianhua Xia , Sai Qian Zhang

Meeting the strict Quality of Service (QoS) requirements of terminals has imposed a signiffcant challenge on Multiaccess Edge Computing (MEC) systems, due to the limited multidimensional resources. To address this challenge, we propose a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-04-29 Qianqian Liu , Haixia Zhang , Xin Zhang , Dongfeng Yuan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in natural language processing and content generation. However, current LLMs heavily rely on cloud computing, leading to prolonged latency, high bandwidth cost, and privacy concerns.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Mingjin Zhang , Jiannong Cao , Xiaoming Shen , Zeyang Cui

Prefix caching is a key optimization in Large Language Model (LLM) serving, reusing attention Key-Value (KV) states across requests with shared prompt prefixes to reduce expensive prefill computation. However, its benefit depends critically…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shaoke Fang , Ziang Li , Wenfei Wu , Jiatong Ji , Qingsong Liu , Ruizhi Pu

Serving large language models (LLMs) is important for cloud providers, and caching intermediate results (KV\$) after processing each request substantially improves serving throughput and latency. However, there is limited understanding of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Jiahao Wang , Jinbo Han , Xingda Wei , Sijie Shen , Dingyan Zhang , Chenguang Fang , Rong Chen , Wenyuan Yu , Haibo Chen

Fine-tuning a large language model (LLM) using the local data of edge users can enable personalized services and applications. For privacy protection, the prevalent solution adopts distributed learning for fine-tuning and integrates…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Songge Zhang , Guoliang Cheng , Zuguang Li , Wen Wu

Coded caching is effective in leveraging the accumulated storage size in wireless networks by distributing different coded segments of each file in multiple cache nodes. This paper aims to find a wireless coded caching policy to minimize…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-10-20 Zhe Zhang , Meixia Tao

This article surveys Cognitive Edge Computing as a practical and methodical pathway for deploying reasoning-capable Large Language Models (LLMs) and autonomous AI agents on resource-constrained devices at the network edge. We present a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Xubin Wang , Qing Li , Weijia Jia

Edge computing enables real-time data processing closer to its source, thus improving the latency and performance of edge-enabled AI applications. However, traditional AI models often fall short when dealing with complex, dynamic tasks that…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Haoxiang Luo , Yinqiu Liu , Ruichen Zhang , Jiacheng Wang , Gang Sun , Dusit Niyato , Hongfang Yu , Zehui Xiong , Xianbin Wang , Xuemin Shen

With the proliferation of edge devices, there is a significant increase in attack surface on these devices. The decentralized deployment of threat intelligence on edge devices, coupled with adaptive machine learning techniques such as the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Syed Mhamudul Hasan , Alaa M. Alotaibi , Sajedul Talukder , Abdur R. Shahid

The Key-Value (KV) cache is integral to efficient autoregressive inference in large language models (LLMs), yet its unbounded growth in stateful multi-turn scenarios presents major challenges. This paper examines the interplay between KV…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Pratik Poudel

Autoregressive Models (ARMs) have long dominated the landscape of Large Language Models. Recently, a new paradigm has emerged in the form of diffusion-based Large Language Models (dLLMs), which generate text by iteratively denoising masked…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Zhiyuan Liu , Yicun Yang , Yaojie Zhang , Junjie Chen , Chang Zou , Qingyuan Wei , Shaobo Wang , Linfeng Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive results across various tasks, yet their high computational demands pose deployment challenges, especially on consumer-grade hardware. Mixture of Experts (MoE) models provide an efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-12-19 En-Ming Huang , Li-Shang Lin , Chun-Yi Lee

A cache-inspired approach is proposed for neural language models (LMs) to improve long-range dependency and better predict rare words from long contexts. This approach is a simpler alternative to attention-based pointer mechanism that…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-09-30 Ke Li , Daniel Povey , Sanjeev Khudanpur