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Background Advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) hold transformative potential in healthcare, however, recent work has raised concern about the tendency of these models to produce outputs that display racial or gender biases.…

While various approaches have recently been studied for bias identification, little is known about how implicit language that does not explicitly convey a viewpoint affects bias amplification in large language models. To examine the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-19 Abeer Aldayel , Areej Alokaili , Rehab Alahmadi

Agents based on Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being deployed as interfaces to information on online platforms. These agents filter, prioritize, and synthesize information retrieved from the platforms' back-end databases or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Mohammad Aflah Khan , Mahsa Amani , Soumi Das , Bishwamittra Ghosh , Qinyuan Wu , Krishna P. Gummadi , Manish Gupta , Abhilasha Ravichander

Text embedding is becoming an increasingly popular AI methodology, especially among businesses, yet the potential of text embedding models to be biased is not well understood. This paper examines the degree to which a selection of popular…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Vasyl Rakivnenko , Nestor Maslej , Jessica Cervi , Volodymyr Zhukov

Financial institutions increasingly rely on large language models (LLMs) for high-stakes decision-making. However, these models risk perpetuating harmful biases if deployed without careful oversight. This paper investigates racial bias in…

General Economics · Economics 2025-06-24 Thomas R. Cook , Sophia Kazinnik

As Large Language Models (LLMs) become widely used to model and simulate human behavior, understanding their biases becomes critical. We developed an experimental framework using Big Five personality surveys and uncovered a previously…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Aadesh Salecha , Molly E. Ireland , Shashanka Subrahmanya , João Sedoc , Lyle H. Ungar , Johannes C. Eichstaedt

Gender-inclusive language is often used with the aim of ensuring that all individuals, regardless of gender, can be associated with certain concepts. While psycholinguistic studies have examined its effects in relation to human cognition,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Marion Bartl , Thomas Brendan Murphy , Susan Leavy

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in executing tasks based on natural language queries. However, these models, trained on curated datasets, inherently embody biases ranging from racial to national and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Iain Cruickshank , Roy Ka-Wei Lee

Drawing parallels between human cognition and artificial intelligence, we explored how large language models (LLMs) internalize identities imposed by targeted prompts. Informed by Social Identity Theory, these identity assignments lead LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Wenchao Dong , Assem Zhunis , Dongyoung Jeong , Hyojin Chin , Jiyoung Han , Meeyoung Cha

Pre-trained large language models (LLMs) have been reliably integrated with visual input for multimodal tasks. The widespread adoption of instruction-tuned image-to-text vision-language assistants (VLAs) like LLaVA and InternVL necessitates…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Leander Girrbach , Stephan Alaniz , Yiran Huang , Trevor Darrell , Zeynep Akata

This paper addresses the critical gap in evaluating bias in multilingual Large Language Models (LLMs), with a specific focus on Spanish language within culturally-aware Latin American contexts. Despite widespread global deployment, current…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Melissa Robles , Catalina Bernal , Denniss Raigoso , Mateo Dulce Rubio

Modern language models are trained on large amounts of data. These data inevitably include controversial and stereotypical content, which contains all sorts of biases related to gender, origin, age, etc. As a result, the models express…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Aleksandra Sorokovikova , Pavel Chizhov , Iuliia Eremenko , Ivan P. Yamshchikov

Rapid advancements of large language models (LLMs) have enabled the processing, understanding, and generation of human-like text, with increasing integration into systems that touch our social sphere. Despite this success, these models can…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Isabel O. Gallegos , Ryan A. Rossi , Joe Barrow , Md Mehrab Tanjim , Sungchul Kim , Franck Dernoncourt , Tong Yu , Ruiyi Zhang , Nesreen K. Ahmed

The rapid integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into various domains raises concerns about societal inequalities and information bias. This study examines biases in LLMs related to background, gender, and age, with a focus on their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Willem Huijzer , Jieying Chen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into critical decision-making processes, such as loan approvals and visa applications, where inherent biases can lead to discriminatory outcomes. In this paper, we examine the nuanced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Mina Arzaghi , Florian Carichon , Golnoosh Farnadi

Application Tracking Systems (ATS) have allowed talent managers, recruiters, and college admissions committees to process large volumes of potential candidate applications efficiently. Traditionally, this screening process was conducted…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-18 Nam Ho Koh , Joseph Plata , Joyce Chai

Large Language Models (LLMs) inherit societal biases from their training data, potentially leading to harmful or unfair outputs. While various techniques aim to mitigate these biases, their effects are often evaluated only along the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-25 Shireen Chand , Faith Baca , Emilio Ferrara

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly employed for decision-support across multiple domains. We investigate whether these models display a systematic preferential bias in favor of artificial intelligence (AI) itself. Across three…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Benaya Trabelsi , Jonathan Shaki , Sarit Kraus

Warning: This paper may contain texts with uncomfortable content. Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable performance in various tasks, including those involving multimodal data like speech. However, these models often exhibit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yi-Cheng Lin , Wei-Chih Chen , Hung-yi Lee

The increased use of Large Language Models (LLMs) in sensitive domains leads to growing interest in how their confidence scores correspond to fairness and bias. This study examines the alignment between LLM-predicted confidence and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ahmed Sabir , Markus Kängsepp , Rajesh Sharma