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Query performance prediction (QPP) is an important and actively studied information retrieval task, having various applications, such as query reformulation, query expansion, and retrieval system selection, among many others. The task has…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Adrian Catalin Lutu , Eduard Poesina , Radu Tudor Ionescu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs), equipped with increasingly advanced planning and tool-use capabilities, are evolving into autonomous agents capable of performing multimodal web browsing and deep search in open-world environments.…

Visual Question-Answering (VQA) is a challenging multimodal task that requires integrating visual and textual information to generate accurate responses. While multimodal Retrieval-Augmented Generation (mRAG) has shown promise in enhancing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Zhuo Chen , Xinyu Geng , Xinyu Wang , Yong Jiang , Zhen Zhang , Pengjun Xie , Kewei Tu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems are showing promising potential, and are becoming increasingly relevant in AI-powered legal applications. Existing benchmarks, such as LegalBench, assess the generative capabilities of Large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Nicholas Pipitone , Ghita Houir Alami

While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has been swiftly adopted in scientific and clinical QA systems, a comprehensive evaluation benchmark in the medical domain is lacking. To address this gap, we introduce the Medical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Liz Li , Wei Zhu

Visual quality assessment (VQA) is increasingly shifting from scalar score prediction toward interpretable quality understanding -- a paradigm that demands \textit{fine-grained spatiotemporal perception} and \textit{auxiliary contextual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Linhan Cao , Wei Sun , Weixia Zhang , Xiangyang Zhu , Kaiwei Zhang , Jun Jia , Dandan Zhu , Guangtao Zhai , Xiongkuo Min

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) is a common way to ground language models in external documents and up-to-date information. Classical retrieval systems relied on lexical methods such as BM25, which rank documents by term overlap with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Martin Asenov , Kenza Benkirane , Dan Goldwater , Aneiss Ghodsi

Vision-language models (VLMs) have achieved strong performance in visual question answering (VQA), yet they remain constrained by static training data. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates this limitation by enabling access to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-24 David Anugraha , Patrick Amadeus Irawan , Anshul Singh , En-Shiun Annie Lee , Genta Indra Winata

Interleaved text-and-image generation represents a significant frontier for Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs), offering a more intuitive way to convey complex information. Current paradigms rely on either image generation or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Yinuo Liu , Zi Qian , Heng Zhou , Jiahao Zhang , Yajie Zhang , Zhihang Li , Mengyu Zhou , Erchao Zhao , Xiaoxi Jiang , Guanjun Jiang

Effectively retrieving, reasoning, and understanding multimodal information remains a critical challenge for agentic systems. Traditional Retrieval-augmented Generation (RAG) methods rely on linear interaction histories, which struggle to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Qiuchen Wang , Shihang Wang , Yu Zeng , Qiang Zhang , Fanrui Zhang , Zhuoning Guo , Bosi Zhang , Wenxuan Huang , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Pengjun Xie , Ruixue Ding

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have demonstrated significant capabilities in joint visual and linguistic tasks. However, existing Visual Question Answering (VQA) benchmarks often fail to evaluate deep semantic understanding,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-15 A. Alfarano , L. Venturoli , D. Negueruela del Castillo

Most organizational data in this world are stored as documents, and visual retrieval plays a crucial role in unlocking the collective intelligence from all these documents. However, existing benchmarks focus on English-only document…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jian Chen , Ming Li , Jihyung Kil , Chenguang Wang , Tong Yu , Ryan Rossi , Tianyi Zhou , Changyou Chen , Ruiyi Zhang

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by integrating external knowledge, where the LLM's ability to generate responses based on the combination of a given query and retrieved documents is crucial.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Zhehao Tan , Yihan Jiao , Dan Yang , Lei Liu , Jie Feng , Duolin Sun , Yue Shen , Jian Wang , Peng Wei , Jinjie Gu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made query reformulation ubiquitous in modern retrieval and Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines, enabling the generation of multiple semantically equivalent query variants. However, executing the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Negar Arabzadeh , Andrew Drozdov , Michael Bendersky , Matei Zaharia

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) by grounding responses with retrieved information. As an emerging paradigm, Agentic RAG further enhances this process by introducing autonomous LLM agents into the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Yunjia Xi , Jianghao Lin , Menghui Zhu , Yongzhao Xiao , Zhuoying Ou , Jiaqi Liu , Tong Wan , Bo Chen , Weiwen Liu , Yasheng Wang , Ruiming Tang , Weinan Zhang , Yong Yu

Multimodal large language models (MLLMs) have enabled a wide range of advanced vision-language applications, including fine-grained object recognition and contextual understanding. When querying specific regions or objects in an image,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Mingjie Xu , Jinpeng Chen , Yuzhi Zhao , Jason Chun Lok Li , Yue Qiu , Zekang Du , Mengyang Wu , Pingping Zhang , Kun Li , Hongzheng Yang , Wenao Ma , Jiaheng Wei , Qinbin Li , Kangcheng Liu , Wenqiang Lei

With advances in multimodal research and deep learning, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have emerged as a powerful paradigm for a wide range of multimodal tasks. As a core problem in vision-language research, Visual Question…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Quanxing Xu , Ling Zhou , Xian Zhong , Xiaohua Huang , Rubing Huang , Chia-Wen Lin

Multimodal Retrieval Augmented Generation (MRAG) systems have shown promise in enhancing the generation capabilities of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). However, existing MRAG frameworks primarily adhere to rigid, single-step…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Xiaohan Yu , Zhihan Yang , Chong Chen

Agentic Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) is a new paradigm where the reasoning model decides when to invoke a retriever (as a "tool") when answering a question. This paradigm, exemplified by recent research works such as Search-R1,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Fangzheng Tian , Jinyuan Fang , Debasis Ganguly , Zaiqiao Meng , Craig Macdonald

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) and multi-modal LLMs have been remarkable. However, these models still rely solely on their parametric knowledge, which limits their ability to generate up-to-date information and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Zihan Ling , Zhiyao Guo , Yixuan Huang , Yi An , Shuai Xiao , Jinsong Lan , Xiaoyong Zhu , Bo Zheng