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Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as generators in iterative neural architecture search (NAS), yet no formal convergence theory exists for this class of algorithms. We model iterative LLM-NAS as a parametric Cross-Entropy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Santosh Premi Adhikari , Radu Timofte , Dmitry Ignatov

Large language models have demonstrated impressive performance across a variety of reasoning tasks. However, their problem-solving ability often declines on more complex tasks due to hallucinations and the accumulation of errors within…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Weili Shi , Dongliang Guo , Lehan Yang , Tianlong Wang , Hanzhang Yuan , Sheng Li

This report examines the synergy between Large Language Models (LLMs) and Static Application Security Testing (SAST) to improve vulnerability discovery. Traditional SAST tools, while effective for proactive security, are limited by high…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Vaibhav Agrawal , Kiarash Ahi

Modern online large language model (LLM) services, such as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and agent systems, increasingly expose two prominent characteristics: prompt segmentation (e.g., system instructions, retrieved passages, tool…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Xingyu Qu , Tianhao Lin , Yiqi Li , Zhiyu Chen , Sheng Wang

The emergence of instruction-tuned large language models (LLMs) has advanced the field of dialogue systems, enabling both realistic user simulations and robust multi-turn conversational agents. However, existing research often evaluates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Chalamalasetti Kranti , Sherzod Hakimov , David Schlangen

The recent popularity of large language models (LLMs) has brought a significant impact to boundless fields, particularly through their open-ended ecosystem such as the APIs, open-sourced models, and plugins. However, with their widespread…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-31 Wentao Ye , Mingfeng Ou , Tianyi Li , Yipeng chen , Xuetao Ma , Yifan Yanggong , Sai Wu , Jie Fu , Gang Chen , Haobo Wang , Junbo Zhao

One common strategy for improving the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) on downstream tasks involves using a \emph{verifier model} to either select the best answer from a pool of candidates or to steer the auto-regressive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Theo Uscidda , Matthew Trager , Michael Kleinman , Aditya Chattopadhyay , Wei Xia , Stefano Soatto

Large Vision Language Models (LVLMs) exhibit strong Chain-of-Thought (CoT) capabilities, yet most existing paradigms assume full-video availability before inference, a batch-style process misaligned with real-world video streams where…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Jialiang Zhang , Junlong Tong , Junyan Lin , Hao Wu , Yirong Sun , Yunpu Ma , Xiaoyu Shen

Recent diffusion-based text-to-speech (TTS) models achieve high naturalness and expressiveness, yet often suffer from speaker drift, a subtle, gradual shift in perceived speaker identity within a single utterance. This underexplored…

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable progress, yet their ability to solve complex problems remains limited. In this work, we introduce Cumulative Reasoning (CR), a structured framework that enhances LLM…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Yifan Zhang , Jingqin Yang , Yang Yuan , Andrew Chi-Chih Yao

Effective incident response (IR) is critical for mitigating cyber threats, yet security teams are overwhelmed by alert fatigue, high false-positive rates, and the vast volume of unstructured Cyber Threat Intelligence (CTI) documents. While…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Amine Tellache , Abdelaziz Amara Korba , Amdjed Mokhtari , Horea Moldovan , Yacine Ghamri-Doudane

Systematic reviews require the use of rigorously designed search strategies to ensure both comprehensive retrieval and minimization of bias. Conventional manual approaches, although methodologically systematic, are resource-intensive and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Fatima Nasser , Fouad Trad , Ammar Mohanna , Ghada El-Hajj Fuleihan , Ali Chehab

Long-context LLMs demand accurate inference at low latency, yet decoding becomes primarily constrained by KV cache as context grows. Prior pruning methods are largely context-agnostic: their token selection ignores step-wise relevance and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Chao Fei , Guozhong Li , Chenxi Liu , Panos Kalnis

Test-Time Scaling (TTS) enhances the reasoning capabilities of large language models by allocating additional inference compute to explore the solution space. However, existing parallel TTS methods typically keep branches isolated during…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Xinglin Wang , Hao Lin , Shaoxiong Feng , Peiwen Yuan , Yiwei Li , Jiayi Shi , Yueqi Zhang , Chuyi Tan , Ji Zhang , Boyuan Pan , Yao Hu , Kan Li

Test-time scaling (TTS) -- the dynamic allocation of compute during inference -- is a promising direction for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs). However, a systematic comparison of well-known TTS strategies under identical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Aradhye Agarwal , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Scaling test-time computation--generating and analyzing multiple or sequential outputs for a single input--has become a promising strategy for improving the reliability and quality of large language models (LLMs), as evidenced by advances…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Sungjae Lee , Hoyoung Kim , Jeongyeon Hwang , Eunhyeok Park , Jungseul Ok

The design of safety-critical agents based on large language models (LLMs) requires more than simple prompt engineering. This paper presents a comprehensive information-theoretic analysis of how rule encodings in system prompts influence…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Joachim Diederich

Large language models (LLMs) offer significant potential to accelerate systematic literature reviews (SLRs), yet current approaches often rely on brittle, manually crafted prompts that compromise reliability and reproducibility. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Teo Susnjak

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities in various tasks. However, they remain exposed to jailbreak attacks, eliciting harmful responses. The nested scenario strategy has been increasingly adopted across…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Ning Xu , Bo Gao , Hui Dou

Security concerns for large language models (LLMs) have recently escalated, focusing on thwarting jailbreaking attempts in discrete prompts. However, the exploration of jailbreak vulnerabilities arising from continuous embeddings has been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Zihao Xu , Yi Liu , Gelei Deng , Kailong Wang , Yuekang Li , Ling Shi , Stjepan Picek
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