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Cell-free massive multi-input multi-output (MIMO) promises uniform high performance across the network, but also brings a high energy cost due to joint transmission from distributed radio units (RUs) and centralized processing in the cloud.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Zilin Ge , Ozan Alp Topal , Irshad Ahmad Meer , Pei Xiao , Cicek Cavdar

As networks evolve towards 6G, Mobile Network Operators (MNOs) must accommodate diverse requirements and at the same time manage rising energy consumption. Integrated Access and Backhaul (IAB) networks facilitate dense cellular deployments…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Reshma Prasad , Maxime Elkael , Gabriele Gemmi , Osama M. Bushnaq , Debashisha Mishra , Prasanna Raut , Jennifer Simonjan , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia

Recently, the concept of open radio access network (O-RAN) has been proposed, which aims to adopt intelligence and openness in the next generation radio access networks (RAN). It provides standardized interfaces and the ability to host…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Han Zhang , Hao Zhou , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Taking full advantages of both heterogeneous networks (HetNets) and cloud access radio access networks (CRANs), heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRANs) are presented to enhance both the spectral and energy efficiencies, where…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-11-18 Mugen Peng , Kecheng Zhang , Jiamo Jiang , Jiaheng Wang , Wenbo Wang

With over 3.5 million 5G base stations deployed globally, their collective energy consumption (projected to exceed 131 TWh annually) raises significant concerns over both operational costs and environmental impacts. In this paper, we…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-02-26 Jie Lu , Peihao Yan , Huacheng Zeng

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) has introduced an emerging RAN architecture that enables openness, intelligence, and automated control. The RAN Intelligent Controller (RIC) provides the platform to design and deploy RAN controllers. xApps…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Vuk Marojevic

The open radio access network (O-RAN) architecture introduces RAN intelligent controllers (RICs) to facilitate the management and optimization of the disaggregated RAN. Reinforcement learning (RL) and its advanced form, deep RL (DRL), are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Mohammadreza Kouchaki , Aly Sabri Abdalla , Vuk Marojevic

The convergence of communication, sensing, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) in the Radio Access Network (RAN) offers compelling economic advantages through shared spectrum and infrastructure. How can inference and sensing be integrated in…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Michele Polese , Rajeev Gangula , Tommaso Melodia

The Open Radio Access Network (RAN) is a networking paradigm that builds on top of cloud-based, multi-vendor, open and intelligent architectures to shape the next generation of cellular networks for 5G and beyond. While this new paradigm…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Joshua Groen , Salvatore DOro , Utku Demir , Leonardo Bonati , Michele Polese , Tommaso Melodia , Kaushik Chowdhury

Federated Learning (FL) enables distributed model training on edge devices while preserving data privacy. However, FL deployments in wireless networks face significant challenges, including communication overhead, unreliable connectivity,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-30 Abdelaziz Salama , Mohammed M. H. Qazzaz , Syed Danial Ali Shah , Maryam Hafeez , Syed Ali Zaidi , Hamed Ahmadi

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) architectures enable flexible, scalable, and cost-efficient mobile networks by disaggregating and virtualizing baseband functions. However, this flexibility introduces significant challenges for resource…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Duc-Thinh Ngo , Kandaraj Piamrat , Ons Aouedi , Thomas Hassan , Philippe Raipin-Parvédy

rApps and xApps need to be controlled and orchestrated well in the open radio access network (O-RAN) so that they can deliver a guaranteed network performance in a complex multi-vendor environment. This paper proposes a novel intent-driven…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-07-07 Md Arafat Habib , Hao Zhou , Pedro Enrique Iturria-Rivera , Medhat Elsayed , Majid Bavand , Raimundas Gaigalas , Yigit Ozcan , Melike Erol-Kantarci

Open Radio Access Network (Open RAN) has gained tremendous attention from industry and academia with decentralized baseband functions across multiple processing units located at different places. However, the ever-expanding scope of RANs,…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Haiyuan Li , Amin Emami , Karcius Assis , Antonis Vafeas , Ruizhi Yang , Reza Nejabati , Shuangyi Yan , Dimitra Simeonidou

This paper deals with the problem of energy consumption minimization in Open RAN cell-free (CF) massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (mMIMO) systems under minimum per-user signal-to-noise-plus-interference ratio (SINR) constraints.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-09-09 Vaishnavi Kasuluru , Luis Blanco , Miguel Angel Vazquez , Cristian J. Vaca-Rubio , Engin Zeydan

Open Radio Access Network (O-RAN) is a major advancement in the telecommunications field, providing standardized interfaces that promote interoperability between different vendors' technologies, thereby enhancing network flexibility and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Lujia Liang , Lei Zhang

The increasing energy demand of next-generation mobile networks, especially 6G, is becoming a major concern, particularly due to the high power usage of base station components RU, which often remain active even during low traffic periods.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-09 Xuanyu Liang , Ahmed Al-Tahmeesschi , Swarna Chetty , Hamed Ahmadi

We study downlink of multiantenna cloud radio access networks (C-RANs) with finite-capacity fronthaul links. The aim is to propose joint designs of beamforming and remote radio head (RRH)-user association, subject to constraints on users'…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-10-17 Kien-Giang Nguyen , Quang-Doanh Vu , Markku Juntti , Le-Nam Tran

The need for intelligent and efficient resource provisioning for the productive management of resources in real-world scenarios is growing with the evolution of telecommunications towards the 6G era. Technologies such as Open Radio Access…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Vaishnavi Kasuluru , Luis Blanco , Engin Zeydan , Albert Bel , Angelos Antonopoulos

The concept of AI-RAN as specified by the AI-RAN alliance is geared to explore a converged 6G platform that can support management, orchestration, and deployment of both AI and RAN workloads. This concept is central to the development of a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-22 Syed Danial Ali Shah , Zeinab Nezami , Maryam Hafeez , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi

Mobile Edge Computing (MEC) and Open Radio Access Networks (ORAN) are transformative technologies in the development of next-generation wireless communication systems. MEC pushes computational resources closer to end-users, enabling low…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Ryan Barker , Tolunay Seyfi , Fatemeh Afghah