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The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm (Dempster, Laird and Rubin, 1977) is a popular method for computing maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) in problems with missing data. Each iteration of the al- gorithm formally consists of an…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-22 Ronald C. Neath

Mixed linear regression (MLR) model is among the most exemplary statistical tools for modeling non-linear distributions using a mixture of linear models. When the additive noise in MLR model is Gaussian, Expectation-Maximization (EM)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-14 Babak Barazandeh , Ali Ghafelebashi , Meisam Razaviyayn , Ram Sriharsha

In a mixture of linear regression model, the regression coefficients are treated as random vectors that may follow either a continuous or discrete distribution. We propose two Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithms to estimate this prior…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-17 Andrew Welbaum , Wanli Qiao

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is a fundamental tool in unsupervised machine learning. It is often used as an efficient way to solve Maximum Likelihood (ML) estimation problems, especially for models with latent variables. It…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-08 Iordanis Kerenidis , Alessandro Luongo , Anupam Prakash

Using diffusion models to solve inverse problems is a growing field of research. Current methods assume the degradation to be known and provide impressive results in terms of restoration quality and diversity. In this work, we leverage the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Charles Laroche , Andrés Almansa , Eva Coupete

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm has been predominantly used to approximate the maximum likelihood estimation of the location-scale Gaussian mixtures. However, when the models are over-specified, namely, the chosen number of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-05-24 Tongzheng Ren , Fuheng Cui , Sujay Sanghavi , Nhat Ho

The Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to maximize the log-likelihood function for parameter estimation. Previous works on the convergence analysis of the EM algorithm have established results on the asymptotic…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-05-31 Chong Wu , Can Yang , Hongyu Zhao , Ji Zhu

Classical Mixtures of Experts (MoE) are Machine Learning models that involve partitioning the input space, with a separate "expert" model trained on each partition. Recently, MoE-based model architectures have become popular as a means to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Quentin Fruytier , Aryan Mokhtari , Sujay Sanghavi

Motivated by indirect measurements and applications from nanometrology with a mixed noise model, we develop a novel algorithm for jointly estimating the posterior and the noise parameters in Bayesian inverse problems. We propose to solve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Paul Hagemann , Johannes Hertrich , Maren Casfor , Sebastian Heidenreich , Gabriele Steidl

The Expectation--Maximization (EM) algorithm is a simple meta-algorithm that has been used for many years as a methodology for statistical inference when there are missing measurements in the observed data or when the data is composed of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-15 Hideitsu Hino , Shotaro Akaho , Noboru Murata

Ensemble randomized maximum likelihood (EnRML) is an iterative (stochastic) ensemble smoother, used for large and nonlinear inverse problems, such as history matching and data assimilation. Its current formulation is overly complicated and…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2019-09-12 Patrick N. Raanes , Geir Evensen , Andreas S. Stordal

The expectation--maximization (EM) algorithm combines global monotonicity, local linear convergence, and strong practical robustness, but these features are usually analyzed separately. Global descent is nonlinear, whereas local convergence…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-11 Qiao Wang

We introduce an approach based on mirror descent and sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) to perform joint parameter inference and posterior estimation in latent variable models. This approach is based on minimisation of a functional over the…

Computation · Statistics 2025-11-07 Francesca R. Crucinio

We consider a recursive algorithm to construct an aggregated estimator from a finite number of base decision rules in the classification problem. The estimator approximately minimizes a convex risk functional under the l1-constraint. It is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2007-06-13 Anatoli Juditsky , Alexander Nazin , Alexandre Tsybakov , Nicolas Vayatis

Based on the ideas of arXiv:1710.06612, we consider the problem of minimization of the Holder-continuous non-smooth functional $f$ with non-positive convex (generally, non-smooth) Lipschitz-continuous functional constraint. We propose some…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-01-03 Fedor Stonyakin , Alexey Stepanov , Alexander Gasnikov , Alexander Titov

The expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm and its variants are widely used in statistics. In high-dimensional mixture linear regression, the model is assumed to be a finite mixture of linear regression and the number of predictors is much…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-07-24 Ning Wang , Xin Zhang , Qing Mai

Statistical inverse learning aims at recovering an unknown function $f$ from randomly scattered and possibly noisy point evaluations of another function $g$, connected to $f$ via an ill-posed mathematical model. In this paper we blend…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-01-22 Tapio Helin

In this paper we study the computation of the nonparametric maximum likelihood estimator (NPMLE) in multivariate mixture models. Our first approach discretizes this infinite dimensional convex optimization problem by fixing the support…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-02-20 Yangjing Zhang , Ying Cui , Bodhisattva Sen , Kim-Chuan Toh

The mirror descent algorithm is known to be effective in situations where it is beneficial to adapt the mirror map to the underlying geometry of the optimization model. However, the effect of mirror maps on the geometry of distributed…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-03-13 Anastasia Borovykh , Nikolas Kantas , Panos Parpas , Grigorios A. Pavliotis

We present a reconstruction method involving maximum-likelihood expectation maximization (MLEM) to model Poisson noise as applied to fluorescence molecular tomography (FMT). MLEM is initialized with the output from a sparse…

Medical Physics · Physics 2018-04-03 Yansong Zhu , Abhinav K. Jha , Dean F. Wong , Arman Rahmim