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AI agents are increasingly deployed to execute tasks and make decisions within agentic workflows, introducing new requirements for safe and controlled autonomy. Prior work has established the importance of human oversight for ensuring…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Edward Cheng , Jeshua Cheng

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) standardizes how AI agents discover and invoke external tools, with over 10,000 active servers and 97 million monthly SDK downloads as of early 2026. Yet MCP does not yet standardize how agents safely…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Vasundra Srinivasan

In orchestrated multi-agent systems, humans often struggle to manage plans due to their complexity and limited transparency. Existing approaches rely on outcome-level supervision, where users verify only final outputs without visibility…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Zeyu He , Hannah Kim , Dan Zhang , Estevam Hruschka

This article presents a structured framework for Human-AI collaboration in Security Operations Centers (SOCs), integrating AI autonomy, trust calibration, and Human-in-the-loop decision making. Existing frameworks in SOCs often focus…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Ahmad Mohsin , Helge Janicke , Ahmed Ibrahim , Iqbal H. Sarker , Seyit Camtepe

Developing intelligent agents capable of seamless coordination with humans is a critical step towards achieving artificial general intelligence. Existing methods for human-AI coordination typically train an agent to coordinate with a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Cong Guan , Lichao Zhang , Chunpeng Fan , Yichen Li , Feng Chen , Lihe Li , Yunjia Tian , Lei Yuan , Yang Yu

The Model Context Protocol (MCP) is rapidly emerging as a pivotal open standard, designed to enhance agent-tool integration and interoperability, and is positioned to unlock a new era of powerful, interconnected, and genuinely utilitarian…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Zikang Guo , Benfeng Xu , Chiwei Zhu , Wentao Hong , Xiaorui Wang , Zhendong Mao

As humans delegate more tasks and decisions to artificial intelligence (AI), we risk losing control of our individual and collective futures. Relatively simple algorithmic systems already steer human decision-making, such as social media…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Benjamin Sturgeon , Daniel Samuelson , Jacob Haimes , Jacy Reese Anthis

Data storytelling is powerful for communicating data insights, but it requires diverse skills and considerable effort from human creators. Recent research has widely explored the potential for artificial intelligence (AI) to support and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Haotian Li , Yun Wang , Huamin Qu

"Human-aware" has become a popular keyword used to describe a particular class of AI systems that are designed to work and interact with humans. While there exists a surprising level of consistency among the works that use the label…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Silvia Tulli , Stylianos Loukas Vasileiou , Sarath Sreedharan

The integration of machine learning (ML) into spatial design holds immense potential for optimizing space utilization, enhancing functionality, and streamlining design processes. ML can automate tasks, predict performance outcomes, and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Yuxuan Yang

Recent advances in reinforcement learning (RL) and Human-in-the-Loop (HitL) learning have made human-AI collaboration easier for humans to team with AI agents. Leveraging human expertise and experience with AI in intelligent systems can be…

With the advancement of large language models (LLMs), intelligent models have evolved from mere tools to autonomous agents with their own goals and strategies for cooperating with humans. This evolution has birthed a novel paradigm in NLP,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chen Huang , Yang Deng , Wenqiang Lei , Jiancheng Lv , Tat-Seng Chua , Jimmy Xiangji Huang

Human-centered AI workflows involve stakeholders with multiple roles interacting with each other and automated agents to accomplish diverse tasks. In this paper, we call for a holistic view when designing support mechanisms, such as…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Sajjadur Rahman , Hannah Kim , Dan Zhang , Estevam Hruschka , Eser Kandogan

While human-AI collaboration has been a longstanding goal and topic of study for computational research, the emergence of increasingly naturalistic generative AI language models has greatly inflected the trajectory of such research. In this…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Elizabeth Anne Watkins , Emanuel Moss , Giuseppe Raffa , Lama Nachman

AI agents powered by large language models are increasingly capable of autonomously completing complex, multi-step tasks using external tools. Yet, they still fall short of human-level performance in most domains including computer use,…

Effective human-AI collaboration hinges on the ability to dynamically integrate the complementary strengths of human experts and AI models across diverse decision contexts. Context-aware weighted combination of human and AI outputs is a…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Renlong Jie

As interfaces evolve from static user pathways to dynamic human-AI collaboration, no standard methods exist for selecting appropriate interface patterns based on user needs and task complexity. Existing frameworks only provide guiding…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Shruthi Andru , Shrut Kirti Saksena

We focus on the problem of designing an artificial agent (AI), capable of assisting a human user to complete a task. Our goal is to guide human users towards optimal task performance while keeping their cognitive load as low as possible.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-11-05 Gilwoo Lee , Christoforos Mavrogiannis , Siddhartha S. Srinivasa

As AI agents transition from research prototypes to enterprise production systems, the tool interfaces they consume remain rooted in human-oriented CRUD paradigms. This paper identifies five fundamental architectural mismatches between…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Kai Pan

Multi-agent systems represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling complex problem-solving through coordinated specialized agents. However, these systems face fundamental challenges in context management,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Naveen Krishnan