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The rise of big data analytics has automated the decision-making of companies and increased supply chain agility. In this paper, we study the supply chain contract design problem faced by a data-driven supplier who needs to respond to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-10 Xuejun Zhao , Ruihao Zhu , William B. Haskell

We study a finite-horizon dynamic wholesale-price contract between a manufacturer and a retailer, both of whom observe only sales, rather than the true demand. When the retailer stocks out, unmet demand is unobserved, so both parties update…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Michalis Deligiannis , Marco Scarsini , Xavier Venel

We consider a single buyer with a combinatorial preference that would like to purchase related products and services from different vendors, where each vendor supplies exactly one product. We study the general case where subsets of products…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2014-01-09 Moshe Babaioff , Noam Nisan , Renato Paes Leme

The sorting and filtering capabilities offered by modern e-commerce platforms significantly impact customers' purchase decisions, as well as the resulting prices set by competing sellers on these platforms. Motivated by this practical…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2024-08-21 Siddhartha Banerjee , Chamsi Hssaine , Vijay Kamble

Pricing decisions of companies require an understanding of the causal effect of a price change on the demand. When real-life pricing experiments are infeasible, data-driven decision-making must be based on alternative data sources such as…

Applications · Statistics 2024-07-03 Lauri Valkonen , Santtu Tikka , Jouni Helske , Juha Karvanen

When calibrating spatial partial equilibrium models with conjectural variations, some modelers fit the suppliers' sales to the available data in addition to total consumption and price levels. While this certainly enhances the quality of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2015-12-17 Tobias Baltensperger , Rudolf M. Füchslin , Pius Krütli , John Lygeros

This paper proposes a novel method for demand forecasting in a pricing context. Here, modeling the causal relationship between price as an input variable to demand is crucial because retailers aim to set prices in a (profit) optimal manner…

In many markets, like electricity or cloud computing markets, providers incur large costs for keeping sufficient capacity in reserve to accommodate demand fluctuations of a mostly fixed user base. These costs are significantly affected by…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Ludwig Dierks , Sven Seuken

Studying competition and market structure at the product level instead of brand level can provide firms with insights on cannibalization and product line optimization. However, it is computationally challenging to analyze product-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-22 Fanglin Chen , Xiao Liu , Davide Proserpio , Isamar Troncoso , Feiyu Xiong

We study an online dynamic pricing problem where the potential demand at each time period $t=1,2,\ldots, T$ is stochastic and dependent on the price. However, a perishable inventory is imposed at the beginning of each time $t$, censoring…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-26 Jianyu Xu , Yining Wang , Xi Chen , Yu-Xiang Wang

A ubiquitous learning problem in today's digital market is, during repeated interactions between a seller and a buyer, how a seller can gradually learn optimal pricing decisions based on the buyer's past purchase responses. A fundamental…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Quinlan Dawkins , Minbiao Han , Haifeng Xu

This work is dedicated to the algorithm design in a competitive framework, with the primary goal of learning a stable equilibrium. We consider the dynamic price competition between two firms operating within an opaque marketplace, where…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Mengzi Amy Guo , Donghao Ying , Javad Lavaei , Zuo-Jun Max Shen

In competitive supply chains (SCs), pricing decisions are crucial, as they directly impact market share and profitability. Traditional SC models often assume continuous pricing for mathematical convenience, overlooking the practical reality…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-06-24 Gurkirat Wadhwa , Akansh Verma , Veeraruna Kavitha , Priyank Sinha

In this paper we investigate a dynamic pricing model for constant demand elasticity where customers have a probability distribution on the number of items they order. This is a generalization from standard models which restrict customers to…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-03-01 Nyles Breecher , Richard Stockbridge

In Part II of this paper, we concentrate our analysis on the price dynamical model with the moving average rules developed in Part I of this paper. By decomposing the excessive demand function, we reveal that it is the interplay between…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2016-11-18 Li-Xin Wang

Autonomous pricing algorithms are increasingly influencing competition in digital markets; however, their behavior under realistic demand conditions remains largely unexamined. This paper offers a thorough analysis of four pricing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Aheer Sravon , Md. Ibrahim , Devdyuti Mazumder , Ridwan Al Aziz

We analyze the relative price change of assets starting from basic supply/demand considerations subject to arbitrary motivations. The resulting stochastic differential equation has coefficients that are functions of supply and demand. We…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-08-26 Carey Caginalp , Gunduz Caginalp

This paper develops a strategic model of trade between two regions in which, depending on the relation among output, financial resources and transportation costs, the adjustment of prices towards an equilibrium is studied. We derive…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2008-05-21 Iordan V. Iordanov , Stoyan V. Stoyanov , Andrey A. Vassilev

We study an off-policy contextual pricing problem where the seller has access to samples of prices that customers were previously offered, whether they purchased at that price, and auxiliary features describing the customer and/or item…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Max Biggs

Firms increasingly rely on dynamic pricing to respond to evolving customer demand, yet in many applications they observe only the revenue generated by a single posted price in each period. At the same time, market conditions may shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xiangyu Yang , Feng Xu , Jian-Qiang Hu , Jiaqiao Hu