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In the digital era, with escalating privacy concerns, it's imperative to devise robust strategies that protect private data while maintaining the intrinsic value of textual information. This research embarks on a comprehensive examination…

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has enabled powerful authorship inference capabilities, raising growing concerns about unintended deanonymization risks in textual data such as news articles. In this work, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Boyang Zhang , Yang Zhang

This work investigates the effectiveness of different pseudonymization techniques, ranging from rule-based substitutions to using pre-trained Large Language Models (LLMs), on a variety of datasets and models used for two widely used NLP…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Oleksandr Yermilov , Vipul Raheja , Artem Chernodub

Large Language Models (LLMs) perform impressively well in various applications. However, the potential for misuse of these models in activities such as plagiarism, generating fake news, and spamming has raised concern about their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Aounon Kumar , Sriram Balasubramanian , Wenxiao Wang , Soheil Feizi

Large Language Models (LLMs) can generate human-like disinformation, yet their ability to personalise such content across languages and demographics remains underexplored. This study presents the first large-scale, multilingual analysis of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-30 João A. Leite , Arnav Arora , Silvia Gargova , João Luz , Gustavo Sampaio , Ian Roberts , Carolina Scarton , Kalina Bontcheva

This study introduces a prescriptive annotation benchmark grounded in humanities research to ensure consistent, unbiased labeling of offensive language, particularly for casual and non-mainstream language uses. We contribute two newly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Xinmeng Hou

Considerable research efforts have been devoted to ensuring that large language models (LLMs) align with human values and generate safe text. However, an excessive focus on sensitivity to certain topics can compromise the model's robustness…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-08-29 Huachuan Qiu , Shuai Zhang , Anqi Li , Hongliang He , Zhenzhong Lan

Recently, powerful Large Language Models (LLMs) have become easily accessible to hundreds of millions of users world-wide. However, their strong capabilities and vast world knowledge do not come without associated privacy risks. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Hanna Yukhymenko , Robin Staab , Mark Vero , Martin Vechev

Qualitative research often contains personal, contextual, and organizational details that pose privacy risks if not handled appropriately. Manual anonymization is time-consuming, inconsistent, and frequently omits critical identifiers.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Aisvarya Adeseye , Jouni Isoaho , Seppo Virtanen , Mohammad Tahir

When building Large Language Models (LLMs), it is paramount to bear safety in mind and protect them with guardrails. Indeed, LLMs should never generate content promoting or normalizing harmful, illegal, or unethical behavior that may…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Simone Tedeschi , Felix Friedrich , Patrick Schramowski , Kristian Kersting , Roberto Navigli , Huu Nguyen , Bo Li

Prompt serves as a crucial link in interacting with large language models (LLMs), widely impacting the accuracy and interpretability of model outputs. However, acquiring accurate and high-quality responses necessitates precise prompts,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Xiongtao Sun , Gan Liu , Zhipeng He , Hui Li , Xiaoguang Li

The increasing use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, such as Large Language Models (LLMs) has led to nontrivial improvements in various tasks, including accurate authorship identification of documents. However, while LLMs…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Kenneth Alperin , Rohan Leekha , Adaku Uchendu , Trang Nguyen , Srilakshmi Medarametla , Carlos Levya Capote , Seth Aycock , Charlie Dagli

Text anomaly detection is a critical task in natural language processing (NLP), with applications spanning fraud detection, misinformation identification, spam detection and content moderation, etc. Despite significant advances in large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Feng Xiao , Jicong Fan

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant progress in various areas, such as text generation and code synthesis. However, the reliability of performance evaluation has come under scrutiny due to data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Yuxing Cheng , Yi Chang , Yuan Wu

Sanitizing sensitive text data typically involves removing personally identifiable information (PII) or generating synthetic data under the assumption that these methods adequately protect privacy; however, their effectiveness is often only…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Rui Xin , Niloofar Mireshghallah , Shuyue Stella Li , Michael Duan , Hyunwoo Kim , Yejin Choi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Sewoong Oh , Pang Wei Koh

We present REMARK-LLM, a novel efficient, and robust watermarking framework designed for texts generated by large language models (LLMs). Synthesizing human-like content using LLMs necessitates vast computational resources and extensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-04-09 Ruisi Zhang , Shehzeen Samarah Hussain , Paarth Neekhara , Farinaz Koushanfar

Large language models (LLMs) are vulnerable when trained on datasets containing harmful content, which leads to potential jailbreaking attacks in two scenarios: the integration of harmful texts within crowdsourced data used for pre-training…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Xiaoqun Liu , Jiacheng Liang , Muchao Ye , Zhaohan Xi

Large Language Models (LLMs) generate responses based on user prompts. Often, these prompts may contain highly sensitive information, including personally identifiable information (PII), which could be exposed to third parties hosting these…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Shashie Dilhara Batan Arachchige , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Dinusha Vatsalan , Dali Kaafar

Public leaderboards increasingly suggest that large language models (LLMs) surpass human experts on benchmarks spanning academic knowledge, law, and programming. Yet most benchmarks are fully public, their questions widely mirrored across…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Eshwar Reddy M , Sourav Karmakar

Interactions with online Large Language Models raise privacy issues where providers can gather sensitive information about users and their companies from the prompts. While textual prompts can be sanitized using Differential Privacy, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Robin Carpentier , Benjamin Zi Hao Zhao , Hassan Jameel Asghar , Dali Kaafar