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Sparse Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) is a neural architecture design that can be utilized to add learnable parameters to Large Language Models (LLMs) without increasing inference cost. Instruction tuning is a technique for training LLMs to…

Mixture-of-experts (MoE) is becoming popular due to its success in improving the model quality, especially in Transformers. By routing tokens with a sparse gate to a few experts (i.e., a small pieces of the full model), MoE can easily…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Xiaonan Nie , Xupeng Miao , Shijie Cao , Lingxiao Ma , Qibin Liu , Jilong Xue , Youshan Miao , Yi Liu , Zhi Yang , Bin Cui

Data-driven weather models have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance, yet progress has plateaued in recent years. This paper introduces a Mixture of Experts (MoWE) approach as a novel paradigm to overcome these limitations, not by…

Vertical federated learning (VFL) has emerged as a paradigm for collaborative model estimation across multiple clients, each holding a distinct set of covariates. This paper introduces the first comprehensive framework for fitting Bayesian…

Computation · Statistics 2024-05-08 Conor Hassan , Matthew Sutton , Antonietta Mira , Kerrie Mengersen

Vertical Federated Learning (VFL) has garnered significant attention as a privacy-preserving machine learning framework for sample-aligned feature federation. However, traditional VFL approaches do not address the challenges of class and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Shuo Wang , Keke Gai , Jing Yu , Liehuang Zhu , Qi Wu

Scaling large language models has driven remarkable advancements across various domains, yet the continual increase in model size presents significant challenges for real-world deployment. The Mixture of Experts (MoE) architecture offers a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Shwai He , Daize Dong , Liang Ding , Ang Li

Sparse Mixture of Experts (sMoE) has become a pivotal approach for scaling large vision-language models, offering substantial capacity while maintaining computational efficiency through dynamic, sparse activation of experts. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Yongxiang Hua , Haoyu Cao , Zhou Tao , Bocheng Li , Zihao Wu , Chaohu Liu , Linli Xu

The increasing complexity of deep neural networks poses significant barriers to democratizing them to resource-limited edge devices. To address this challenge, split federated learning (SFL) has emerged as a promising solution by of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zheng Lin , Guanqiao Qu , Wei Wei , Xianhao Chen , Kin K. Leung

The interpretability of Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models, especially those with heterogeneous designs, remains underexplored. Existing attribution methods for dense models fail to capture dynamic routing-expert interactions in sparse MoE…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Junzhuo Li , Bo Wang , Xiuze Zhou , Peijie Jiang , Jia Liu , Xuming Hu

Federated learning is a popular collaborative learning approach that enables clients to train a global model without sharing their local data. Vertical federated learning (VFL) deals with scenarios in which the data on clients have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-31 Jingwei Sun , Ziyue Xu , Dong Yang , Vishwesh Nath , Wenqi Li , Can Zhao , Daguang Xu , Yiran Chen , Holger R. Roth

Deep learning on an edge device requires energy efficient operation due to ever diminishing power budget. Intentional low quality data during the data acquisition for longer battery life, and natural noise from the low cost sensor degrade…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Taesik Na , Minah Lee , Burhan A. Mudassar , Priyabrata Saha , Jong Hwan Ko , Saibal Mukhopadhyay

Artificial intelligence (AI) has achieved astonishing successes in many domains, especially with the recent breakthroughs in the development of foundational large models. These large models, leveraging their extensive training data, provide…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Siyuan Mu , Sen Lin

Multimodal learning has gained increasing importance across various fields, offering the ability to integrate data from diverse sources such as images, text, and personalized records, which are frequently observed in medical domains.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Sukwon Yun , Inyoung Choi , Jie Peng , Yangfan Wu , Jingxuan Bao , Qiyiwen Zhang , Jiayi Xin , Qi Long , Tianlong Chen

Combining the strengths of many existing predictors to obtain a Mixture of Experts which is superior to its individual components is an effective way to improve the performance without having to develop new architectures or train a model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Kemal Oksuz , Selim Kuzucu , Tom Joy , Puneet K. Dokania

Recent large language models (LLMs) have tended to leverage sparsity to reduce computations, employing the sparsely activated mixture-of-experts (MoE) technique. MoE introduces four modules, including token routing, token communication,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Xinglin Pan , Wenxiang Lin , Lin Zhang , Shaohuai Shi , Zhenheng Tang , Rui Wang , Bo Li , Xiaowen Chu

The Mixture of Experts (MoE) for language models has been proven effective in augmenting the capacity of models by dynamically routing each input token to a specific subset of experts for processing. Despite the success, most existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-26 Hao Zhao , Zihan Qiu , Huijia Wu , Zili Wang , Zhaofeng He , Jie Fu

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across decentralized clients without sharing raw data, yet faces significant challenges in real-world settings where client data distributions evolve dynamically over time. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Rahul Atul Bhope , K. R. Jayaram , Praveen Venkateswaran , Nalini Venkatasubramanian

Large language models (LLMs) increasingly adopt Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures to scale model capacity while reducing computation. Fine-tuning these MoE-based LLMs often requires access to distributed and privacy-sensitive data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Zihan Fang , Qianru Wang , Haonan An , Zheng Lin , Yiqin Deng , Xianhao Chen , Yuguang Fang

The real-world traffic networks undergo expansion through the installation of new sensors, implying that the traffic patterns continually evolve over time. Incrementally training a model on the newly added sensors would make the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Sanghyun Lee , Chanyoung Park

Reinforcement learning (RL) has equipped LLM agents with a strong ability to solve complex tasks. However, existing RL methods normally use a \emph{single} policy network, causing \emph{simplicity bias} where simple tasks occupy most…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Shengtian Yang , Yu Li , Shuo He , Yewen Li , Qingpeng Cai , Peng Jiang , Lei Feng
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