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Neural operators have emerged as a powerful tool for solving partial differential equations (PDEs) and other complex scientific computing tasks. However, the performance of single operator block is often limited, thus often requiring…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-07-18 Yichen Wang , Wenlian Lu

Complex physical systems are often described by partial differential equations (PDEs) that depend on parameters such as the Reynolds number in fluid mechanics. In applications such as design optimization or uncertainty quantification,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Woojin Cho , Minju Jo , Haksoo Lim , Kookjin Lee , Dongeun Lee , Sanghyun Hong , Noseong Park

Minimizing PDE-residual losses is a common strategy to promote physical consistency in neural operators. However, standard formulations often lack variational correctness, meaning that small residuals do not guarantee small solution errors…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-12-25 Yuan Qiu , Wolfgang Dahmen , Peng Chen

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have garnered significant interest for their potential in solving partial differential equations (PDEs) that govern a wide range of physical phenomena. By incorporating physical laws into the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Jian Cheng Wong , Isaac Yin Chung Lai , Pao-Hsiung Chiu , Chin Chun Ooi , Abhishek Gupta , Yew-Soon Ong

Simulating and controlling physical systems described by partial differential equations (PDEs) are crucial tasks across science and engineering. Recently, diffusion generative models have emerged as a competitive class of methods for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Peiyan Hu , Rui Wang , Xiang Zheng , Tao Zhang , Haodong Feng , Ruiqi Feng , Long Wei , Yue Wang , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tailin Wu

Modern power systems require fast and accurate dynamic simulations for stability assessment, digital twins, and real-time control, but classical ODE solvers are often too slow for large-scale or online applications. We propose a…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-10 Ioannis Karampinis , Petros Ellinas , Johanna Vorwerk , Spyros Chatzivasileiadis

Neural operators are a popular technique in scientific machine learning to learn a mathematical model of the behavior of unknown physical systems from data. Neural operators are especially useful to learn solution operators associated with…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2022-08-05 Nicolas Boullé , Seick Kim , Tianyi Shi , Alex Townsend

Partial differential equations (PDEs) are widely used to describe relevant phenomena in dynamical systems. In real-world applications, we commonly need to combine formal PDE models with (potentially noisy) observations. This is especially…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Monika Nagy-Huber , Volker Roth

Solving time-dependent partial differential equations (PDEs) is fundamental to modeling critical phenomena across science and engineering. Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) solve PDEs using deep learning. However, PINNs perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Mayank Nagda , Jephte Abijuru , Phil Ostheimer , Marius Kloft , Sophie Fellenz

Inverse problems involving partial differential equations (PDEs) can be seen as discovering a mapping from measurement data to unknown quantities, often framed within an operator learning approach. However, existing methods typically rely…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-02-10 Sung Woong Cho , Hwijae Son

We present an end-to-end framework to learn partial differential equations that brings together initial data production, selection of boundary conditions, and the use of physics-informed neural operators to solve partial differential…

Computational Physics · Physics 2023-08-21 Shawn G. Rosofsky , Hani Al Majed , E. A. Huerta

Physics-Informed Neural Networks (PINNs) can be regarded as general-purpose PDE solvers, but it might be slow to train PINNs on particular problems, and there is no theoretical guarantee of corresponding error bounds. In this manuscript, we…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-01 Wei Peng , Weien Zhou , Jun Zhang , Wen Yao

Existing neural operator architectures face challenges when solving multiphysics problems with coupled partial differential equations (PDEs) due to complex geometries, interactions between physical variables, and the limited amounts of…

Artificial intelligence (AI) shows great potential to reduce the huge cost of solving partial differential equations (PDEs). However, it is not fully realized in practice as neural networks are defined and trained on fixed domains and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Hongyu Li , Ximeng Ye , Peng Jiang , Guoliang Qin , Tiejun Wang

Neural operators learn mappings from function-dependent inputs to solutions, providing an effective framework for solving partial differential equations (PDEs). For time-dependent PDEs, existing methods typically perform long-horizon…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Jiaquan Zhang , Caiyan Qin , Haoyu Bian , Libin Cai , Yi Lu , Chaoning Zhang , Wei Dong , Yuanfang Guo , Yang Yang , Hen Tao Shen

Pretraining for partial differential equation (PDE) modeling has recently shown promise in scaling neural operators across datasets to improve generalizability and performance. Despite these advances, our understanding of how pretraining…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Anthony Zhou , Cooper Lorsung , AmirPouya Hemmasian , Amir Barati Farimani

Neural operators approximate PDE solution maps, but they need not respect the symmetries of the governing equation. In out-of-distribution (OOD) regimes, a standard neural operator must often learn coordinate alignment and physical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jiaxiao Xu , Changhong Mou , Yeyu Zhang , Fengxiang He

Diffusion models have emerged as powerful generative priors for solving PDE-constrained inverse problems. Compared to end-to-end approaches relying on massive paired datasets, explicitly decoupling the prior distribution of physical…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Haibo Liu , Guang Lin

Deep operator networks (DeepONets) are receiving increased attention thanks to their demonstrated capability to approximate nonlinear operators between infinite-dimensional Banach spaces. However, despite their remarkable early promise,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Sifan Wang , Hanwen Wang , Paris Perdikaris

Accurate modeling of personalized cardiovascular dynamics is crucial for non-invasive monitoring and therapy planning. State-of-the-art physics-informed neural network (PINN) approaches employ deep, multi-branch architectures with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Ryan Chappell , Chayan Banerjee , Kien Nguyen , Clinton Fookes