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Binary code similarity detection (BCSD) has important applications in various fields such as vulnerability detection, software component analysis, and reverse engineering. Recent studies have shown that deep neural networks (DNNs) can…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-05-26 Hao Wang , Wenjie Qu , Gilad Katz , Wenyu Zhu , Zeyu Gao , Han Qiu , Jianwei Zhuge , Chao Zhang

Binary code clone analysis is an important technique which has a wide range of applications in software engineering (e.g., plagiarism detection, bug detection). The main challenge of the topic lies in the semantics-equivalent code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Yikun Hu , Yuanyuan Zhang , Juanru Li , Hui Wang , Bodong Li , Dawu Gu

Deepfake detection systems deployed in real-world environments are subject to adversaries capable of crafting imperceptible perturbations that degrade model performance. While adversarial training is a widely adopted defense, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Adrian Serrano , Erwan Umlil , Ronan Thomas

Binary analysis is traditionally used in the realm of malware detection. However, the same technique may be employed by an attacker to analyze the original binaries in order to reverse engineer them and extract exploitable weaknesses. When…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-12-04 Novak Boskov , Mihailo Isakov , Michel A. Kinsy

In recent years, deep learning has shown performance breakthroughs in many applications, such as image detection, image segmentation, pose estimation, and speech recognition. However, this comes with a major concern: deep networks have been…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-11 Felix Kreuk , Assi Barak , Shir Aviv-Reuven , Moran Baruch , Benny Pinkas , Joseph Keshet

Understanding binary code is an essential but complex software engineering task for reverse engineering, malware analysis, and compiler optimization. Unlike source code, binary code has limited semantic information, which makes it…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-12 Yifan Zhang

A wide range of binary analysis applications, such as bug discovery, malware analysis and code clone detection, require recovery of contextual meanings on a binary code. Recently, binary analysis techniques based on machine learning have…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Hyungjoon Koo , Soyeon Park , Daejin Choi , Taesoo Kim

While much of the current research in deep learning-based vulnerability detection relies on disassembled binaries, this paper explores the feasibility of extracting features directly from raw x86-64 machine code. Although assembly language…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Mitchell Petingola

Binary code analysis allows analyzing binary code without having access to the corresponding source code. A binary, after disassembly, is expressed in an assembly language. This inspires us to approach binary analysis by leveraging ideas…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-12-18 Fei Zuo , Xiaopeng Li , Patrick Young , Lannan Luo , Qiang Zeng , Zhexin Zhang

Although deep learning has shown great success in recent years, researchers have discovered a critical flaw where small, imperceptible changes in the input to the system can drastically change the output classification. These attacks are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-21 Jacob M. Springer , Charles S. Strauss , Austin M. Thresher , Edward Kim , Garrett T. Kenyon

Binary analysis plays a pivotal role in security domains such as malware detection and vulnerability discovery, yet it remains labor-intensive and heavily reliant on expert knowledge. General-purpose large language models (LLMs) perform…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Guoqiang Chen , Huiqi Sun , Daguang Liu , Zhiqi Wang , Qiang Wang , Bin Yin , Lu Liu , Lingyun Ying

Binary code similarity analysis (BCSA) serves as a foundational technique for binary analysis tasks such as vulnerability detection and malware identification. Existing graph based BCSA approaches capture more binary code semantics and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Yufeng Wang , Yuhong Feng , Yixuan Cao , Haoran Li , Haiyue Feng , Yifeng Wang

Security of software supply chains is necessary to ensure that software updates do not contain maliciously injected code or introduce vulnerabilities that may compromise the integrity of critical infrastructure. Verifying the integrity of…

Binary code similarity analysis (BCSA) is widely used for diverse security applications, including plagiarism detection, software license violation detection, and vulnerability discovery. Despite the surging research interest in BCSA, it is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Dongkwan Kim , Eunsoo Kim , Sang Kil Cha , Sooel Son , Yongdae Kim

State-of-the-art deep neural networks have achieved impressive results on many image classification tasks. However, these same architectures have been shown to be unstable to small, well sought, perturbations of the images. Despite the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-30 Seyed-Mohsen Moosavi-Dezfooli , Alhussein Fawzi , Pascal Frossard

The binary similarity problem consists in determining if two functions are similar by only considering their compiled form. Advanced techniques for binary similarity recently gained momentum as they can be applied in several fields, such as…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-12-20 Luca Massarelli , Giuseppe Antonio Di Luna , Fabio Petroni , Leonardo Querzoni , Roberto Baldoni

We present a new algorithm to train a robust malware detector. Modern malware detectors rely on machine learning algorithms. Now, the adversarial objective is to devise alterations to the malware code to decrease the chance of being…

Recovering high-level type information in binaries is a key task in reverse engineering and binary analysis. Binaries contain very little explicit type information. The structure of binary code is incredibly flexible allowing for ad-hoc…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Ian Smith

Binary analysis is a core component of many critical security tasks, including reverse engineering, malware analysis, and vulnerability detection. Manual analysis is often time-consuming, but identifying commonly-used or previously-seen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Rebecca Saul , Chang Liu , Noah Fleischmann , Richard Zak , Kristopher Micinski , Edward Raff , James Holt

Binary Function Similarity Detection (BFSD) is a core problem in software security, supporting tasks such as vulnerability analysis, malware classification, and patch provenance. In the past few decades, numerous models and tools have been…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Yiming Fan , Jun Yeon Won , Ding Zhu , Melih Sirlanci , Mahdi Khalili , Carter Yagemann