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Web agents, which couple language models with browsing and tool-use capabilities, show promise as open web assistants. Yet progress is increasingly limited by the lack of scalable, process-level supervision. Existing benchmarks are largely…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Tenghao Huang , Kung-Hsiang Huang , Prafulla Kumar Choubey , Yilun Zhou , Muhao Chen , Jonathan May , Chien-Sheng Wu

Recent success in large multimodal models (LMMs) has sparked promising applications of agents capable of autonomously completing complex web tasks. While open-source LMM agents have made significant advances in offline evaluation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Vardaan Pahuja , Yadong Lu , Corby Rosset , Boyu Gou , Arindam Mitra , Spencer Whitehead , Yu Su , Ahmed Awadallah

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents can automate complex tasks across digital environments, but their development is hindered by the scarcity of high-quality trajectory data for training. Existing approaches rely on expensive human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Yiheng Xu , Dunjie Lu , Zhennan Shen , Junli Wang , Zekun Wang , Yuchen Mao , Caiming Xiong , Tao Yu

Training models to act as agents that can effectively navigate and perform actions in a complex environment, such as a web browser, has typically been challenging due to lack of training data. Large language models (LLMs) have recently…

With advances in generative AI, there is now potential for autonomous agents to manage daily tasks via natural language commands. However, current agents are primarily created and tested in simplified synthetic environments, leading to a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-04-17 Shuyan Zhou , Frank F. Xu , Hao Zhu , Xuhui Zhou , Robert Lo , Abishek Sridhar , Xianyi Cheng , Tianyue Ou , Yonatan Bisk , Daniel Fried , Uri Alon , Graham Neubig

One of the fundamental problems in digital agents is their lack of understanding of their environment. For instance, a web browsing agent may get lost in unfamiliar websites, uncertain what pages must be visited to achieve its goals. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Apurva Gandhi , Graham Neubig

Addressing intricate real-world problems necessitates in-depth information seeking and multi-step reasoning. Recent progress in agentic systems, exemplified by Deep Research, underscores the potential for autonomous multi-step research. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Jialong Wu , Baixuan Li , Runnan Fang , Wenbiao Yin , Liwen Zhang , Zhengwei Tao , Dingchu Zhang , Zekun Xi , Gang Fu , Yong Jiang , Pengjun Xie , Fei Huang , Jingren Zhou

The predominant approach for training web navigation agents is to gather human demonstrations for a set of popular websites and hand-written tasks, but it is becoming clear that human data is an inefficient resource. We develop a pipeline…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Brandon Trabucco , Gunnar Sigurdsson , Robinson Piramuthu , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Current evaluation of web agents largely reduces to binary success metrics or conformity to a single reference trajectory, ignoring the structural diversity present in benchmark datasets. We present WebGraphEval, a framework that abstracts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Yaoyao Qian , Yuanli Wang , Jinda Zhang , Yun Zong , Meixu Chen , Hanhan Zhou , Jindan Huang , Yifan Zeng , Xinyu Hu , Chan Hee Song , Danqing Zhang

Recent research in language-guided visual navigation has demonstrated a significant demand for the diversity of traversable environments and the quantity of supervision for training generalizable agents. To tackle the common data scarcity…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Zun Wang , Jialu Li , Yicong Hong , Yi Wang , Qi Wu , Mohit Bansal , Stephen Gould , Hao Tan , Yu Qiao

Fine-tuning on agent-environment interaction trajectory data holds significant promise for surfacing generalized agent capabilities in open-source large language models (LLMs). In this work, we introduce AgentBank, by far the largest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-11 Yifan Song , Weimin Xiong , Xiutian Zhao , Dawei Zhu , Wenhao Wu , Ke Wang , Cheng Li , Wei Peng , Sujian Li

Computer use agents (CUAs) can operate real-world digital interfaces but remain difficult to train due to the high cost of graphical user interface (GUI) interaction and the scarcity of high-quality trajectory data. Existing datasets rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Yifei He , Pranit Chawla , Yaser Souri , Subhojit Som , Xia Song

We introduce WebChain, the largest open-source dataset of human-annotated trajectories on real-world websites, designed to accelerate reproducible research in web agents. It contains 31,725 trajectories and 318k steps, featuring a core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Sicheng Fan , Rui Wan , Yifei Leng , Gaoning Liang , Li Ling , Yanyi Shang , Dehan Kong

We study the use of large language model-based agents for interacting with software via web browsers. Unlike prior work, we focus on measuring the agents' ability to perform tasks that span the typical daily work of knowledge workers…

Web agents require massive trajectories to generalize, yet real-world training is constrained by network latency, rate limits, and safety risks. We introduce \textbf{WebWorld} series, the first open-web simulator trained at scale. While…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Zikai Xiao , Jianhong Tu , Chuhang Zou , Yuxin Zuo , Zhi Li , Peng Wang , Bowen Yu , Fei Huang , Junyang Lin , Zuozhu Liu

Deep research systems are widely used for multi-step web research, analysis, and cross-source synthesis, yet their evaluation remains challenging. Existing benchmarks often require annotation-intensive task construction, rely on static…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-15 Yibo Wang , Lei Wang , Yue Deng , Keming Wu , Yao Xiao , Huanjin Yao , Liwei Kang , Hai Ye , Yongcheng Jing , Lidong Bing

Large language models (LLMs) have enabled web agents that follow natural language goals through multi-step browser interactions. However, agents fine-tuned on specific trajectories and domain often struggle to generalize out of domain, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Fatemeh Pesaran Zadeh , Seyeon Choi , Xing Han Lù , Siva Reddy , Gunhee Kim

We present WebGym, the largest-to-date open-source environment for training realistic visual web agents. Real websites are non-stationary and diverse, making artificial or small-scale task sets insufficient for robust policy learning.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Hao Bai , Alexey Taymanov , Tong Zhang , Aviral Kumar , Spencer Whitehead

GUI agents that interact with graphical interfaces on behalf of users represent a promising direction for practical AI assistants. However, training such agents is hindered by the scarcity of suitable environments. We present InfiniteWeb, a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Ziyun Zhang , Zezhou Wang , Xiaoyi Zhang , Zongyu Guo , Jiahao Li , Bin Li , Yan Lu

Digital agents require diverse, large-scale UI trajectories to generalize across real-world tasks, yet collecting such data is prohibitively expensive in both human annotation, infra and engineering perspectives. To this end, we introduce…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Yiming Wang , Da Yin , Yuedong Cui , Ruichen Zheng , Zhiqian Li , Zongyu Lin , Di Wu , Xueqing Wu , Chenchen Ye , Yu Zhou , Kai-Wei Chang
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