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Recent efforts have extended the flow-matching framework to discrete generative modeling. One strand of models directly works with the continuous probabilities instead of discrete tokens, which we colloquially refer to as Continuous-State…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Chaoran Cheng , Jiahan Li , Jiajun Fan , Ge Liu

Diffusion-based imitation learning improves Behavioral Cloning (BC) on multi-modal decision-making, but comes at the cost of significantly slower inference due to the recursion in the diffusion process. It urges us to design efficient…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-25 Xixi Hu , Bo Liu , Xingchao Liu , Qiang Liu

With the rapid growth of memory and computing power, datasets are becoming increasingly complex and imbalanced. This is especially severe in the context of clinical data, where there may be one rare event for many cases in the majority…

Diffusion models are a class of flexible generative models trained with an approximation to the log-likelihood objective. However, most use cases of diffusion models are not concerned with likelihoods, but instead with downstream objectives…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-08 Kevin Black , Michael Janner , Yilun Du , Ilya Kostrikov , Sergey Levine

Generative modeling techniques such as Diffusion and Flow Matching have achieved significant successes in generating designable and diverse protein backbones. However, many current models are computationally expensive, requiring hundreds or…

Biomolecules · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-30 Junhua Chen , Simon Mathis , Charles Harris , Kieran Didi , Pietro Lio

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a central paradigm for advancing Large Language Models (LLMs), where pre-training and RL post-training share the same log-likelihood formulation. In contrast, recent RL approaches for diffusion…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Shuchen Xue , Chongjian Ge , Shilong Zhang , Yichen Li , Zhi-Ming Ma

Process synthesis experiences a disruptive transformation accelerated by digitization and artificial intelligence. We propose a reinforcement learning algorithm for chemical process design based on a state-of-the-art actor-critic logic. Our…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-17 Laura Stops , Roel Leenhouts , Qinghe Gao , Artur M. Schweidtmann

Conventional physically based rendering (PBR) pipelines generate photorealistic images through computationally intensive light transport simulations. Although recent deep learning approaches leverage diffusion model priors with geometry…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shenghao Zhang , Runtao Liu , Christopher Schroers , Yang Zhang

We propose FlowRL: matching the full reward distribution via flow balancing instead of maximizing rewards in large language model (LLM) reinforcement learning (RL). Recent advanced reasoning models adopt reward-maximizing methods (\eg, PPO…

Conventional diffusion models typically relies on a fixed forward process, which implicitly defines complex marginal distributions over latent variables. This can often complicate the reverse process' task in learning generative…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-10 Grigory Bartosh , Dmitry Vetrov , Christian A. Naesseth

Flow matching has shown state-of-the-art performance in various generative tasks, ranging from image generation to decision-making, where generation under energy guidance (abbreviated as guidance in the following) is pivotal. However, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Ruiqi Feng , Chenglei Yu , Wenhao Deng , Peiyan Hu , Tailin Wu

Reinforcement learning (RL) shows promise for enhancing LLM agentic reasoning, yet sparse terminal rewards hinder fine-grained optimization. Process reward modeling offers an alternative but incurs high computational costs, reward hacking…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiao Feng , Bo Han , Zhanke Zhou , Jiaqi Fan , Jiangchao Yao , Ka Ho Li , Dahai Yu , Michael Kwok-Po Ng

Reliable value estimation serves as the cornerstone of reinforcement learning (RL) by evaluating long-term returns and guiding policy improvement, significantly influencing the convergence speed and final performance. Existing works improve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shan Zhong , Shutong Ding , He Diao , Xiangyu Wang , Kah Chan Teh , Bei Peng

Deep learning frameworks such as TensorFlow and PyTorch provide a productive interface for expressing and training a deep neural network (DNN) model on a single device or using data parallelism. Still, they may not be flexible or efficient…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jinhui Yuan , Xinqi Li , Cheng Cheng , Juncheng Liu , Ran Guo , Shenghang Cai , Chi Yao , Fei Yang , Xiaodong Yi , Chuan Wu , Haoran Zhang , Jie Zhao

The predominant success of diffusion models in generative modeling has spurred significant interest in understanding their theoretical foundations. In this work, we propose a feature learning framework aimed at analyzing and comparing the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-03-04 Andi Han , Wei Huang , Yuan Cao , Difan Zou

Flow-based generative models are powerful exact likelihood models with efficient sampling and inference. Despite their computational efficiency, flow-based models generally have much worse density modeling performance compared to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-17 Jonathan Ho , Xi Chen , Aravind Srinivas , Yan Duan , Pieter Abbeel

Given datasets from multiple domains, a key challenge is to efficiently exploit these data sources for modeling a target domain. Variants of this problem have been studied in many contexts, such as cross-domain translation and domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Aditya Grover , Christopher Chute , Rui Shu , Zhangjie Cao , Stefano Ermon

Continual learning in robotics seeks systems that can constantly adapt to changing environments and tasks, mirroring human adaptability. A key challenge is refining dynamics models, essential for planning and control, while addressing…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Alejandro Murillo-Gonzalez , Lantao Liu

In this paper, we introduce a new concept of incorporating factorized flow maps as mid-level representations, for bridging the perception and the control modules in modular learning based robotic frameworks. To investigate the advantages of…

Diffusion models have achieved significant progress in both image and video generation while still suffering from huge computation costs. As an effective solution, flow matching aims to reflow the diffusion process of diffusion models into…

Graphics · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Lei Ke , Haohang Xu , Xuefei Ning , Yu Li , Jiajun Li , Haoling Li , Yuxuan Lin , Dongsheng Jiang , Yujiu Yang , Linfeng Zhang