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Diffusion models are powerful tools for sampling from high-dimensional distributions by progressively transforming pure noise into structured data through a denoising process. When equipped with a guidance mechanism, these models can also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Saeed Mohseni-Sehdeh , Walid Saad , Kei Sakaguchi , Tao Yu

Diffusion large language models (DLLMs) have emerged as powerful generative models with the promise of fast text generation through parallel decoding. However, realizing this potential in practice remains challenging: reducing the number of…

Training machine learning models on massive datasets is expensive and time-consuming. Dataset distillation addresses this by creating a small synthetic dataset that achieves the same performance as the full dataset. Recent methods use…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Jeffrey A. Chan-Santiago , Mubarak Shah

While diffusion models excel at generating high-quality images, prior work reports a significant performance gap between diffusion and autoregressive (AR) methods in language modeling. In this work, we show that simple masked discrete…

Non-autoregressive (NAR) text generation has attracted much attention in the field of natural language processing, which greatly reduces the inference latency but has to sacrifice the generation accuracy. Recently, diffusion models, a class…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Yifan Li , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

We present high quality image synthesis results using diffusion probabilistic models, a class of latent variable models inspired by considerations from nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Our best results are obtained by training on a weighted…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Jonathan Ho , Ajay Jain , Pieter Abbeel

The success of denoising diffusion models raises important questions regarding their generalisation behaviour, particularly in high-dimensional settings. Notably, it has been shown that when training and sampling are performed perfectly,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Tyler Farghly , Patrick Rebeschini , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

One of the most compelling features of global discrete diffusion language models is their global bidirectional contextual capability. However, existing block-based diffusion studies tend to introduce autoregressive priors, which, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Linrui Ma , Yufei Cui , Kai Han , Yunhe Wang

Diffusion models have emerged as a pivotal advancement in generative models, setting new standards to the quality of the generated instances. In the current paper we aim to underscore a discrepancy between conventional training methods and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-03 Niket Patel , Luis Salamanca , Luis Barba

Accurately estimating semantic aleatoric and epistemic uncertainties in large language models (LLMs) is particularly challenging in free-form question answering (QA), where obtaining stable estimates often requires many expensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Ji Won Park , Kyunghyun Cho

Autoregressive language models, despite their impressive capabilities, struggle with complex reasoning and long-term planning tasks. We introduce discrete diffusion models as a novel solution to these challenges. Through the lens of subgoal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Jiacheng Ye , Jiahui Gao , Shansan Gong , Lin Zheng , Xin Jiang , Zhenguo Li , Lingpeng Kong

Diffusion Large Language Models (DLLMs) promise fast parallel generation, yet open-source DLLMs still face a severe quality-speed trade-off: accelerating decoding by revealing multiple tokens often causes substantial quality degradation. We…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Fanqin Zeng , Feng Hong , Geng Yu , Huangjie Zheng , Xiaofeng Cao , Ya Zhang , Bo Han , Yanfeng Wang , Jiangchao Yao

Reinforcement learning (RL) can be used to improve the policy (denoiser) of diffusion large language models (dLLMs), while being hindered by the intractability of the policy likelihood. A dominant and efficient family of methods replaces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiaohang Tang , Keyue Jiang , Che Liu , Qifang Zhao , Xiaoxiao Xu , Sangwoong Yoon , Ilija Bogunovic

Latent diffusion models offer an attractive alternative to discrete diffusion for non-autoregressive text generation by operating on continuous text representations and denoising entire sequences in parallel. The major challenge in latent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Viacheslav Meshchaninov , Alexander Shabalin , Egor Chimbulatov , Nikita Gushchin , Ilya Koziev , Alexander Korotin , Dmitry Vetrov

Guidance serves as a key concept in diffusion models, yet its effectiveness is often limited by the need for extra data annotation or classifier pretraining. That is why guidance was harnessed from self-supervised learning backbones, like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Vincent Tao Hu , Yunlu Chen , Mathilde Caron , Yuki M. Asano , Cees G. M. Snoek , Bjorn Ommer

Diffusion model based language-guided image editing has achieved great success recently. However, existing state-of-the-art diffusion models struggle with rendering correct text and text style during generation. To tackle this problem, we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Haoxing Chen , Zhuoer Xu , Zhangxuan Gu , Jun Lan , Xing Zheng , Yaohui Li , Changhua Meng , Huijia Zhu , Weiqiang Wang

Thanks to their remarkable flexibility, diffusion models and flow models have emerged as promising candidates for policy representation. However, efficient reinforcement learning (RL) upon these policies remains a challenge due to the lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Chenxiao Gao , Edward Chen , Tianyi Chen , Bo Dai

Diffusion guidance is a powerful technique that enables controllable and high-fidelity sample generation with diffusion models. At a high level, it modifies the score function by incorporating a guidance term that steers the generative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Ruijia Cao , Yuchen Wu , Nisha Chandramoorthy

Diffusion language models, especially masked discrete diffusion models, have achieved great success recently. While there are some theoretical and primary empirical results showing the advantages of latent reasoning with looped transformers…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Cai Zhou , Chenxiao Yang , Yi Hu , Chenyu Wang , Chubin Zhang , Muhan Zhang , Lester Mackey , Tommi Jaakkola , Stephen Bates , Dinghuai Zhang

We argue that diffusion models' success in modeling complex distributions is, for the most part, coming from their input conditioning. This paper investigates the representation used to condition diffusion models from the perspective that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Samuel Lavoie , Michael Noukhovitch , Aaron Courville