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The safety of Large Language Models (LLMs) is crucial for the development of trustworthy AI applications. Existing red teaming methods often rely on seed instructions, which limits the semantic diversity of the synthesized adversarial…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Muxi Diao , Yutao Mou , Keqing He , Hanbo Song , Lulu Zhao , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye , Kongming Liang , Zhanyu Ma

Recent advances in large language model assistants have made them indispensable, raising significant concerns over managing their safety. Automated red teaming offers a promising alternative to the labor-intensive and error-prone manual…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-23 Andrew Zhao , Quentin Xu , Matthieu Lin , Shenzhi Wang , Yong-jin Liu , Zilong Zheng , Gao Huang

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as tool-augmented agents capable of executing system-level operations. While existing benchmarks primarily assess textual alignment or task success, less attention has been paid to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Shasha Yu , Fiona Carroll , Barry L. Bentley

As Large Language Models (LLMs) are deployed with increasing real-world responsibilities, it is important to be able to specify and constrain the behavior of these systems in a reliable manner. Model developers may wish to set explicit…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-11 Norman Mu , Sarah Chen , Zifan Wang , Sizhe Chen , David Karamardian , Lulwa Aljeraisy , Basel Alomair , Dan Hendrycks , David Wagner

We demonstrate LLM agent specification gaming by instructing models to win against a chess engine. We find reasoning models like OpenAI o3 and DeepSeek R1 will often hack the benchmark by default, while language models like GPT-4o and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Alexander Bondarenko , Denis Volk , Dmitrii Volkov , Jeffrey Ladish

Engaging in the deliberate generation of abnormal outputs from Large Language Models (LLMs) by attacking them is a novel human activity. This paper presents a thorough exposition of how and why people perform such attacks, defining LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Nanna Inie , Jonathan Stray , Leon Derczynski

Generative AI models ought to be useful and safe across cross-cultural contexts. One critical step toward this goal is understanding how AI models adhere to sociocultural norms. While this challenge has gained attention in NLP, existing…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Myra Cheng , Vinodkumar Prabhakaran , Alice Oh , Hayk Stepanyan , Aishwarya Verma , Charu Kalia , Erin MacMurray van Liemt , Sunipa Dev

The exploitation of large language models (LLMs) for malicious purposes poses significant security risks as these models become more powerful and widespread. While most existing red-teaming frameworks focus on single-turn attacks,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Si Chen , Xiao Yu , Ninareh Mehrabi , Rahul Gupta , Zhou Yu , Ruoxi Jia

A hallmark of human intelligence is the ability to infer abstract rules from limited experience and apply these rules to unfamiliar situations. This capacity is widely studied in the visual domain using the Raven's Progressive Matrices.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Quan Do , Thomas M. Morin , Chantal E. Stern , Michael E. Hasselmo

The rapid evolution of Large Language Models (LLM) and subsequent Agentic AI technologies requires systematic architectural guidance for building sophisticated, production-grade systems. This paper presents an approach for architecting such…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Zoran Milosevic , Fethi Rabhi

Disinformation is among the top risks of generative artificial intelligence (AI) misuse. Global adoption of generative AI necessitates red-teaming evaluations (i.e., systematic adversarial probing) that are robust across diverse languages…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Alejandro Cuevas , Saloni Dash , Bharat Kumar Nayak , Dan Vann , Madeleine I. G. Daepp

AI safety training and red-teaming of large language models (LLMs) are measures to mitigate the generation of unsafe content. Our work exposes the inherent cross-lingual vulnerability of these safety mechanisms, resulting from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-30 Zheng-Xin Yong , Cristina Menghini , Stephen H. Bach

From automated intrusion testing to discovery of zero-day attacks before software launch, agentic AI calls for great promises in security engineering. This strong capability is bound with a similar threat: the security and research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Brian Challita , Pierre Parrend

Reasoning requires going beyond pattern matching or memorization of solutions to identify and implement "algorithmic procedures" that can be used to deduce answers to hard problems. Doing so requires realizing the most relevant primitives,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Yuxiao Qu , Anikait Singh , Yoonho Lee , Amrith Setlur , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Chelsea Finn , Aviral Kumar

Metaphors are common in everyday language, and the identification and understanding of metaphors are facilitated by models to achieve a better understanding of the text. Metaphors are mainly identified and generated by pre-trained models in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Jie Wang , Jin Wang , Xuejie Zhang

AI-text detectors achieve high accuracy on in-domain benchmarks, but often struggle to generalize across different generation conditions such as unseen prompts, model families, or domains. While prior work has reported these generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Yuxi Xia , Kinga Stańczak , Benjamin Roth

Large Language Models (LLMs) for code generation (i.e., Code LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities in AI-assisted software development and testing. However, recent studies have shown that these models are prone to generating…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Wenjie Jacky Mo , Qin Liu , Xiaofei Wen , Dongwon Jung , Hadi Askari , Wenxuan Zhou , Zhe Zhao , Muhao Chen

Customer-service LLM agents increasingly make policy-bound decisions (refunds, rebooking, billing disputes), but the same ``helpful'' interaction style can be exploited: a small fraction of users can induce unauthorized concessions,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jingyu Zhang

Training robust deep learning models for down-stream tasks is a critical challenge. Research has shown that down-stream models can be easily fooled with adversarial inputs that look like the training data, but slightly perturbed, in a way…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Mahmoud Hossam , Trung Le , He Zhao , Dinh Phung

Jailbreaking techniques pose a significant threat to the safety of Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing defenses typically focus on single-turn attacks, lack coverage across languages, and rely on limited taxonomies that either fail to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Francesco Giarrusso , Olga E. Sorokoletova , Vincenzo Suriani , Daniele Nardi