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This chapter reviews the fundamentals of continuous and discrete Linear Time-Invariant (LTI) systems with Single Input-Single Output (SISO). We start from the general notions of signals and systems, the signal representation problem and the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-26 Miguel A. Mendez

Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems appear frequently in natural sciences and engineering contexts. Many LTI systems are described by ordinary differential equations (ODEs). For example, biological gene regulation, analog filter circuits,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-12-18 Parker S. Ruth , Herbert M. Sauro

We consider discrete-time (DT) systems S in which a DT input is first tranformed to a continuous-time (CT) format by phase-amplitude modulation, then modified by a non-linear CT dynamical transformation F, and finally converted back to DT…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2014-11-06 Omer Tanovic , Alexandre Megretski , Yan Li , Vladimir M. Stojanovic , Mitra Osqui

An interpolation method for discretising continuous-time Linear Time Invariant (LTI) models is proposed in this paper. It consists first in using the Loewner interpolation framework on a specific set of frequency data and secondly to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-07-26 Pierre Vuillemin , Charles Poussot-Vassal

This study presents the design, discretization and implementation of the continuous-time linear-quadratic model predictive control (CT-LMPC). The control model of the CT-LMPC is parameterized as transfer functions with time delays, and they…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-03-18 Zhanhao Zhang , Anders Hilmar Damm Christensen , Steen Hørsholt , John Bagterp Jørgensen

Most methodologies for modeling Transmission Line (TL) based channels define the input-output relationship in the frequency domain (FD) and handle the TL resorting to a two-port network (2PN) formalism. These techniques have not yet been…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2011-09-27 Stefano Galli , Anna Scaglione

This paper presents a unifying theory of Linear second order systems that allows time-varying and time invariant systems to be treated in the same way for the first time. In the process, a transformation is given that diagonalizes an…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-24 Douglas R. Frey

We first develop systematic and comprehensive interval observer designs for linear time-invariant (LTI) systems, under standard assumptions of observability and interval bounds on the initial condition and uncertainties. Traditionally, such…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-09 Thach Ngoc Dinh , Gia Quoc Bao Tran

In recent years, the Linear Parameter-Varying (LPV) framework has become increasingly useful for analysis and control of time-varying systems. Generally, LPV control synthesis is performed in the continuous-time (CT) domain due to…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-02-24 Yorick Broens , Hans Butler , Roland Tóth

Recursive filters are treated as linear time-invariant (LTI) systems but they are not: uninitialised, they have an infinite number of outputs for any given input, while if initialised, they are not time-invariant. This short tutorial…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-08 Jonathan H. Manton

A new concept, called the spatio-temporal transfer function (STTF), is introduced to characterise a class of linear time-invariant (LTI) spatio-temporal dynamical systems. The spatio-temporal transfer function is a natural extension of the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-04 Hua-Liang Wei , Stephen A. Billings

Linear time-translation-invariant (LTI) models offer simple, yet powerful, abstractions of complex classical dynamical systems. Quantum versions of such models have so far relied on assumptions of Markovianity or an internal state-space…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-16 Jacques Ding , Hudson A. Loughlin , Vivishek Sudhir

Recently, a novel system identification method based on invariant subspace theory is introduced, aiming to address the identification problem of continuous-time (CT) linear time-invariant (LTI) systems by combining time-domain and…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-13 Jingze You , Chao Huang , Hao Zhang

This paper addresses the data-driven structured controller design problem for continuous-time linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. We consider three control objectives, including stabilization, $H_2$ performance, and $H_\infty$ performance.…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-29 Zhaohua Yang , Yuxing Zhong , Ling Shi

Linear time-periodic (LTP) dynamical systems frequently appear in the modeling of phenomena related to fluid dynamics, electronic circuits, and structural mechanics via linearization centered around known periodic orbits of nonlinear…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-06-13 Caleb C. Magruder , Serkan Gugercin , Christopher A. Beattie

Linear canonical transforms (LCTs) are of importance in many areas of science and engineering with many applications. Therefore a satisfactory discrete implementation is of considerable interest. Although there are methods that link the…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-04-04 Aykut Koç , Burak Bartan , Haldun M. Ozaktas

We develop a formal framework for the behavioral comparison of linear systems across different time domains. We accomplish this by introducing the notion of system interpolation, which determines whether the input-state trajectories of a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-26 Armin Pirastehzad , Bart Besselink

Linear time invariant (LTI) systems are widely used for modeling system dynamics in science and engineering problems. Harmonic oscillation of LTI systems are widely used for modeling and analyses of periodic physical phenomenon. This study…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2014-03-17 B. Baykant Alagoz

Symmetric matrix-valued dynamical systems are an important class of systems that can describe important processes such as covariance/second-order moment processes, or processes on manifolds and Lie Groups. We address here the case of…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-03 Corentin Briat

After introducing the concept of commutativity for continuous-time linear time-varying systems, the related literature and the results obtained so far are presented. For a simple introduction of the commutativity of discrete-time linear…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2020-08-13 Mehmet Emir Koksal
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