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The gamma/hadron separation in the imaging air Cherenkov telescope technique is based on differences between images of a hadronic shower and a gamma induced electromagnetic cascade. One may expect for a large telescope that a detection of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-11-26 Dorota Sobczynska

The local Cosmic Ray (CR) energy spectrum exhibits a spectral softening at energies around 3~PeV. Sources which are capable of accelerating hadrons to such energies are called hadronic PeVatrons. However, hadronic PeVatrons have not yet…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-03-28 The Cherenkov Telescope Array Consortium , F. Acero , A. Acharyya , R. Adam , A. Aguasca-Cabot , I. Agudo , A. Aguirre-Santaella , J. Alfaro , R. Aloisio , N. Álvarez Crespo , R. Alves Batista , L. Amati , E. Amato , G. Ambrosi , E. O. Angüner , C. Aramo , C. Arcaro , T. Armstrong , K. Asano , Y. Ascasibar , J. Aschersleben , M. Backes , A. Baktash , C. Balazs , M. Balbo , J. Ballet , A. Baquero Larriva , V. Barbosa Martins , U. Barres de Almeida , J. A. Barrio , D. Bastieri , J. R. Baxter , J. Becker Tjus , W. Benbow , M. I. Bernardos-Martín , J. Bernete , A. Berti , B. Bertucci , V. Beshley , P. Bhattacharjee , S. Bhattacharyya , A. Biland , E. Bissaldi , J. Biteau , O. Blanch , P. Bordas , E. Bottacini , J. Bregeon , R. Brose , N. Bucciantini , A. Bulgarelli , M. Capasso , R. A. Capuzzo Dolcetta , P. Caraveo , M. Cardillo , R. Carosi , S. Casanova , E. Cascone , F. Cassol , F. Catalani , M. Cerruti , P. Chadwick , S. Chaty , A. Chen , M. Chernyakova , A. Chiavassa , J. Chudoba , C. Coimbra-Araujo , V. Conforti , J. L. Contreras , A. Costa , H. Costantini , P. Cristofari , R. Crocker , G. D'Amico , F. D'Ammando , A. De Angelis , V. De Caprio , E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , E. de Ona Wilhelmi , V. de Souza , C. Delgado , D. della Volpe , D. Depaoli , T. Di Girolamo , F. Di Pierro , R. Di Tria , L. Di Venere , S. Diebold , J. I. Djuvsland , A. Donini , M. Doro , R. d. C. Dos Anjos , V. V. Dwarkadas , S. Einecke , D. Elsässer , G. Emery , C. Evoli , D. Falceta-Goncalves , E. Fedorova , S. Fegan , G. Ferrand , E. Fiandrini , M. Filipovic , V. Fioretti , M. Fiori , L. Foffano , G. Fontaine , S. Fukami , G. Galanti , G. Galaz , V. Gammaldi , C. Gasbarra , A. Ghalumyan , G. Ghirlanda , M. Giarrusso , G. Giavitto , N. Giglietto , F. Giordano , M. Giroletti , A. Giuliani , L. Giunti , N. Godinovic , J. Goulart Coelho , L. Gréaux , D. Green , M-H. Grondin , O. Gueta , S. Gunji , T. Hassan , M. Heller , S. Hernández-Cadena , J. Hinton , B. Hnatyk , R. Hnatyk , D. Hoffmann , W. Hofmann , J. Holder , D. Horan , P. Horvath , M. Hrabovsky , D. Hrupec , T. Inada , F. Incardona , S. Inoue , K. Ishio , M. Jamrozy , P. Janecek , I. Jiménez Martínez , W. Jin , I. Jung-Richardt , J. Jurysek , P. Kaaret , V. Karas , U. Katz , D. Kerszberg , B. Khélifi , D. B. Kieda , R. Kissmann , T. Kleiner , G. Kluge , W. Kluzniak , J. Knödlseder , Y. Kobayashi , K. Kohri , N. Komin , P. Kornecki , H. Kubo , N. La Palombara , M. Láinez , A. Lamastra , J. Lapington , M. Lemoine-Goumard , J. -P. Lenain , F. Leone , G. Leto , F. Leuschner , E. Lindfors , I. Liodakis , T. Lohse , S. Lombardi , F. Longo , R. López-Coto , M. López-Moya , A. López-Oramas , S. Loporchio , P. L. Luque-Escamilla , O. Macias , J. Mackey , P. Majumdar , D. Mandat , M. Manganaro , G. Manicò , M. Marconi , J. Martí , G. Martínez , M. Martinez , O. Martinez , A. J. T. S. Mello , S. Menchiari , D. M. -A. Meyer , S. Micanovic , D. Miceli , M. Miceli , J. Michalowski , T. Miener , J. M. Miranda , A. Mitchell , B. Mode , R. Moderski , L. Mohrmann , E. Molina , T. Montaruli , D. Morcuende , G. Morlino , A. Morselli , M. Mosè , E. Moulin , R. Mukherjee , K. Munari , T. Murach , A. Nagai , S. Nagataki , R. Nemmen , J. Niemiec , D. Nieto , M. Nievas Rosillo , M. Nikolajuk , K. Nishijima , K. Noda , B. Novosyadlyj , S. Nozaki , M. Ohishi , S. Ohm , Y. Ohtani , A. Okumura , B. Olmi , R. A. Ong , M. Orienti , R. Orito , M. Orlandini , E. Orlando , S. Orlando , M. Ostrowski , I. Oya , F. R. Pantaleo , J. M. Paredes , B. Patricelli , M. Pecimotika , M. Peresano , J. Pérez-Romero , M. Persic , O. Petruk , G. Piano , E. Pietropaolo , G. Pirola , C. Pittori , M. Pohl , G. Ponti , E. Prandini , G. Principe , C. Priyadarshi , E. Pueschel , G. Pühlhofer , M. L. Pumo , A. Quirrenbach , R. Rando , S. Razzaque , P. Reichherzer , A. Reimer , O. Reimer , M. Renaud , T. Reposeur , M. Ribó , T. Richtler , J. Rico , F. Rieger , M. Rigoselli , L. Riitano , V. Rizi , E. Roache , P. Romano , G. Romeo , J. Rosado , G. Rowell , B. Rudak , I. Sadeh , S. Safi-Harb , L. Saha , S. Sailer , M. Sánchez-Conde , S. Sarkar , K. Satalecka , F. G. Saturni , A. Scherer , P. Schovánek , F. Schussler , U. Schwanke , S. Scuderi , M. Seglar-Arroyo , O. Sergijenko , M. Servillat , R-Y. Shang , P. Sharma , H. Siejkowski , V. Sliusar , A. Słowikowska , H. Sol , A. Specovius , S. T. Spencer , G. Spengler , A. Stamerra , S. Stanič , T. Starecki , R. Starling , T. Stolarczyk , L. A. Stuani Pereira , Y. Suda , T. Suomijarvi , I. Sushch , H. Tajima , P-H. T. Tam , S. J. Tanaka , F. Tavecchio , V. Testa , W. Tian , L. Tibaldo , D. F. Torres , N. Tothill , B. Vallage , P. Vallania , C. van Eldik , J. van Scherpenberg , J. Vandenbroucke , M. Vazquez Acosta , M. Vecchi , S. Vercellone , G. Verna , A. Viana , J. Vignatti , V. Vitale , V. Vodeb , S. Vorobiov , T. Vuillaume , S. J. Wagner , R. Walter , M. White , A. Wierzcholska , M. Will , D. Williams , L. Yang , T. Yoshida , T. Yoshikoshi , G. Zaharijas , L. Zampieri , D. Zavrtanik , M. Zavrtanik , V. I. Zhdanov , M. Živec

Ultra-high-energy photons have long been sought as tracers of the most energetic processes in the Universe. Several sources can contribute to a diffuse photon flux, including interactions of cosmic rays with Galactic matter and radiation…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-22 Ezequiel Rodriguez

In recent years, Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (IACTs) have discovered a rich diversity of very high energy (VHE, > 100 GeV) gamma-ray emitters in the sky. These instruments image Cherenkov light emitted by gamma-ray induced…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-27 Stefan Ohm , Christopher van Eldik , Kathrin Egberts

Cherenkov gamma telescope observes high energy gamma rays, taking advantage of the radiation emitted by charged particles produced inside the electromagnetic showers initiated by the gammas, and developing in the atmosphere. The detector…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-19 Emmanuel Dadzie , Kelvin Kwakye

The High-Altitude Water-Cherenkov (HAWC) experiment is a TeV $\gamma$-ray observatory located \unit[4100]{m} above sea level on the Sierra Negra mountain in Puebla, Mexico. The detector consists of 300 water-filled tanks, each instrumented…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-08-14 Samuel Stephens Marinelli , Jordan Goodman

The water Cherenkov detector array (WCDA) is one of the key detectors in the large high altitude air shower observatory (LHAASO), which is proposed for very high gamma ray source survey. In WCDA, there are more than 3000 photomultiplier…

Instrumentation and Detectors · Physics 2018-06-26 Shengzhi Zhou , Lei Zhao , Yuxiang Guo , Ruoshi Dong , Boyu Cheng , Jiajun Qin , Sifan Qian , Shubin Liu , Qi An

Ground-based arrays of imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes have emerged as the most sensitive gamma-ray detectors in the energy range of about 100 GeV and above. The strengths of these arrays are a very large effective collection area…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 H. Krawczynski , D. A. Carter-Lewis , C. Duke , J. Holder , G. Maier , S. Le Bohec , G. Sembroski

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation facility of Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes. It will reach unprecedented sensitivity and energy resolution in very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy. CTA will detect…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-14 M. Doro , M. Daniel , R. de los Reyes , M. Gaug , M. C. Maccarone

We highlight the capacity of current and forthcoming air shower arrays using water-Cherenkov stations to detect neutrino events spanning energies from $10\,$GeV to $100\,$TeV. This detection approach leverages individual stations equipped…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-25 J. Alvarez-Muñiz , R. Conceição , P. J. Costa , B. S. González , M. Pimenta , B. Tomé

Very high energy gamma-ray astronomy based on the measurement of air shower particles at ground-level has only recently been established as a viable approach, complementing the well established air Cherenkov technique. This approach…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-26 Harm Schoorlemmer , Jim Hinton , Rubén López-Coto

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) will be the next generation ground-based observatory for very-high-energy (VHE) gamma-ray astronomy, with the deployment of tens of highly sensitive and fast-reacting Cherenkov telescopes. It will cover a…

The Wide Field-of-View Cherenkov Telescope Array (WFCTA) and the Water Cherenkov Detector Arrays (WCDA) of LHAASO are designed to work in combination for measuring the energy spectra of various cosmic ray species over a very wide energy…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-22 F. Aharonian , Q. An , Axikegu , L. X. Bai , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , H. Cai , J. T. Cai , Z. Cao Z. Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , X. C. Chang , B. M. Chen , J. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , L. Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , Q. H. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. L. Chen , Y. Chen , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , D. della Volpe , B. DEttorre Piazzoli , X. J. Dong , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , Z. X. Fan , J. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , Y. L. Feng , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , M. M. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , J. G. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , H. H. He , H. N. He , J. C. He , S. L. He , X. B. He , Y. He , M. Heller , Y. K. Hor , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , S. Hu , S. C. Hu , X. J. Hu , D. H. Huang , Q. L. Huang , W. H. Huang , X. T. Huang , Z. C. Huang , F. Ji , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , C. Jin , D. Kuleshov , K. Levochkin , B. B. Li , C. Li , C. Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , H. Y. Li , J. Li , K. Li , W. L. Li , X. Li , X. Li , X. R. Li , Y. Li , Y. Z. Li , Z. Li , Z. Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. S. Liu , J. Y. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , Y. N. Liu , Z. X. Liu , W. J. Long , R. Lu , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , A. Masood , W. Mitthumsiri , T. Montaruli , Y. C. Nan , B. Y. Pang , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , M. Y. Qi , D. Ruffolo , V. Rulev , A. Saiz , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , X. D. Sheng , J. R. Shi , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , P. H. T. Tam , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , B. D. Wang , C. Wang , H. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , J. S. Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. N. Wang , W. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. J. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Y. J. Wang , Y. P. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. Wang , Z. H. Wang , Z. X. Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , S. Wu , X. Wu , X. F. Wu , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , G. Xiao , H. B. Xiao , G. G. Xin , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , D. L. Xu , R. X. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , C. W. Yang , F. F. Yang , J. Y. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , S. B. Yang , Y. H. Yao , Z. G. Yao , Y. M. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , Z. K. Zeng , M. Zha , X. X. Zhai , B. B. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , J. W. Zhang , L. Zhang , L. Zhang , L. X. Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. Zhang , Y. F. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , B. Zhao , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , F. Zheng , Y. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , X. Zuo

This work is a methodical study on hybrid reconstruction techniques for hybrid imaging/timing Cherenkov observations. This type of hybrid array is to be realized at the gamma-observatory TAIGA intended for very high energy gamma-ray…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-29 E. B. Postnikov , A. A. Grinyuk , L. A. Kuzmichev , L. G. Sveshnikova

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is about to enter construction phase and one of its main key science projects is to perform an unbiased survey in search of extragalactic sources. We make use of both the latest blazar gamma--ray…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-04 Andrea De Franco , Yoshiyuki Inoue , Miguel A. Sánchez-Conde , Garret Cotter

The recently identified source class of pulsar halos may be populated and bright enough at TeV energies to constitute a large fraction of the sources that will be observed with the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA), especially in the context…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-10-03 Christopher Eckner

The identification of very high energy photons is of great importance for the understanding of the origin of extreme energy cosmic rays (EECR). Several can be the sources of high energy photons at Earth. A guaranteed component is the flux…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-14 A. D. Supanitsky , G. Medina-Tanco , K. Asano , D. Cline , T. Ebisuzaki , S. Inoue , P. Lipari , N. Sakaki , A. Santangelo , K. Shinozaki , G. Sigl , Y. Takahashi , M. Teshima

We present an analysis technique that uses the timing information of Cherenkov images from extensive air showers (EAS). Our emphasis is on distant, or large core distance gamma-ray induced showers at multi-TeV energies. Specifically,…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-03 V. Stamatescu , G. P. Rowell , J. Denman , R. W. Clay , B. R. Dawson , A. G. K. Smith , T. Sudholz , G. J. Thornton , N. Wild

A new method of shower-image analysis is presented which appears very powerful as applied to those Cherenkov Imaging Telescopes with very high definition imaging capability. It provides hadron rejection on the basis of a single cut on the…