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Increased training parameters have enabled large pre-trained models to excel in various downstream tasks. Nevertheless, the extensive computational requirements associated with these models hinder their widespread adoption within the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Yu-Liang Zhan , Zhong-Yi Lu , Hao Sun , Ze-Feng Gao

Distillation addresses the slow sampling problem in diffusion models by creating models with smaller size or fewer steps that approximate the behavior of high-step teachers. In this work, we propose a reinforcement learning based…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-30 Amirhossein Tighkhorshid , Zahra Dehghanian , Gholamali Aminian , Chengchun Shi , Hamid R. Rabiee

Knowledge Distillation (KD) has been considered as a key solution in model compression and acceleration in recent years. In KD, a small student model is generally trained from a large teacher model by minimizing the divergence between the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Raed Alharbi , Minh N. Vu , My T. Thai

Knowledge distillation (KD), best known as an effective method for model compression, aims at transferring the knowledge of a bigger network (teacher) to a much smaller network (student). Conventional KD methods usually employ the teacher…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-14 Ji Won Yoon , Hyung Yong Kim , Hyeonseung Lee , Sunghwan Ahn , Nam Soo Kim

Advanced reasoning typically requires Chain-of-Thought prompting, which is accurate but incurs prohibitive latency and substantial test-time inference costs. The standard alternative, fine-tuning smaller models, often sacrifices…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Sanket Badhe , Deep Shah

Vision-based deep reinforcement learning (RL) typically obtains performance benefit by using high capacity and relatively large convolutional neural networks (CNN). However, a large network leads to higher inference costs (power, latency,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Sam Green , Craig M. Vineyard , Çetin Kaya Koç

Knowledge distillation (KD) is one of the prominent techniques for model compression. In this method, the knowledge of a large network (teacher) is distilled into a model (student) with usually significantly fewer parameters. KD tries to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Aref Jafari , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh , Ali Ghodsi

Post-training of language models (LMs) increasingly relies on the following two stages: (i) knowledge distillation, where the LM is trained to imitate a larger teacher LM, and (ii) reinforcement learning from human feedback (RLHF), where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Daniil Tiapkin , Daniele Calandriello , Johan Ferret , Sarah Perrin , Nino Vieillard , Alexandre Ramé , Mathieu Blondel

Domain specialization can improve LLM behavior in vertical domains, but often weakens the general capabilities inherited from the original model. Recent Multi-Teacher On-Policy Distillation (MOPD) pipelines recover model capabilities by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Tianlei Chen , Jiao Ou , Ziyuan Liu , Ruiming Tang , Jian Liang , Han Li

Distilling large language models (LLMs) typically involves transferring the teacher model's responses through supervised fine-tuning (SFT). However, this approach neglects the potential to distill both data (output content) and reward…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-28 Yudi Zhang , Lu Wang , Meng Fang , Yali Du , Chenghua Huang , Jun Wang , Qingwei Lin , Mykola Pechenizkiy , Dongmei Zhang , Saravan Rajmohan , Qi Zhang

Black-box knowledge distillation for large language models presents a strict trade-off. Simple off-policy methods (e.g., sequence-level knowledge distillation) struggle to correct the student's inherent errors. Fully on-policy methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Xiwen Chen , Jingjing Wang , Wenhui Zhu , Peijie Qiu , Xuanzhao Dong , Hejian Sang , Zhipeng Wang , Alborz Geramifard , Feng Luo

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) methods can generally be categorized into two types: RL-based and Imitation-based. RL-based methods could in principle enjoy out-of-distribution generalization but suffer from erroneous off-policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Haoran Xu , Li Jiang , Jianxiong Li , Xianyuan Zhan

Group Relative Policy Optimization (GRPO) has emerged as a powerful algorithm for improving the reasoning capabilities of language models, but often fails to improve small models due to sparse rewards on difficult tasks. Existing works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Soo Min Kwon , Ziteng Sun , Ananda Theertha Suresh , Himanshu Jain , Sanjiv Kumar

Knowledge distillation (KD) is a key technique for compressing large language models into smaller ones while preserving performance. Despite the recent traction of KD research, its effectiveness for smaller language models (LMs) and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Suhas Kamasetty Ramesh , Ayan Sengupta , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Recent work has shown that augmenting environments with language descriptions improves policy learning. However, for environments with complex language abstractions, learning how to ground language to observations is difficult due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Victor Zhong , Jesse Mu , Luke Zettlemoyer , Edward Grefenstette , Tim Rocktäschel

Knowledge Distillation (KD) aims to transfer knowledge from a large teacher model to a smaller student model. While contrastive learning has shown promise in self-supervised learning by creating discriminative representations, its…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Nikolaos Giakoumoglou , Tania Stathaki

Off-policy model-free deep reinforcement learning methods using previously collected data can improve sample efficiency over on-policy policy gradient techniques. On the other hand, on-policy algorithms are often more stable and easier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Shixiang Gu , Timothy Lillicrap , Zoubin Ghahramani , Richard E. Turner , Bernhard Schölkopf , Sergey Levine

On-policy distillation (OPD) transfers reasoning behavior by training a student on teacher feedback along student-generated trajectories, but standard full-rollout training ties every update to a costly completion and can over-allocate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Kun Liang , Chenming Tang , Clive Bai , Weijie Liu , Saiyong Yang , Yunfang Wu

Large language model post-training methods such as supervised fine-tuning (SFT), reinforcement learning (RL), and distillation are often analyzed through their loss functions: maximum likelihood, policy gradients, forward KL, reverse KL, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Dong Nie

We introduce a novel approach to large language model (LLM) distillation by formulating it as a constrained reinforcement learning problem. While recent work has begun exploring the integration of task-specific rewards into distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Matthieu Zimmer , Xiaotong Ji , Tu Nguyen , Haitham Bou Ammar